Phonics Concepts - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Phonics Concepts

By:

Tashawna

KingSlide2

Phonics

Concepts

P

honics

concepts include:consonantsvowelsblending sounds into wordsphonogramsphonics rulesPhonics is the key to reading because without phonics students would not be able to recognize words, spell, or be a successful reader. Phonics involves the association of phonemes, or sounds with written symbols, called graphemes. Phonics is the key to word recognition.Slide3

Why is Phonics Important for Reading?

When educators talk about 

phonics

, they are referring method of teaching beginners to read and pronounce words by learning to associate letters or letter groups with the sounds they represent. Teachers teach the relationships between

phonemes (the sounds that make up spoken words) and graphemes (the written representations of language) so that students can decode (sound out) words. Children must learn to break words down so that they can decode them in order to read; therefore, phonics is extremely important.Slide4

44 Sounds in English Language

Teachers have to teach children to learn the sounds of the English language. Teachers should remember to choose words that help children understand all of the 44 sounds. (19 vowel sounds including 5 long vowels, 5 short vowels, 3 diphthongs, 2 'oo

' sounds, 4 'r' controlled vowel sounds and 25 consonant sounds).Slide5

What are Consonants?

There are two types of letters in the alphabet: consonants and vowels. Consonants are all the letters in the alphabet except for the vowels (a, e, i

, o, u).

So, the full list of consonants are:b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.Slide6

What are Vowels?

Vowels are five letters in the alphabet which are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes w and  

y

 that represents a speech sound. 

Wand y are vowels when used in the middle and at the end of syllables and words. For example, the word day has the two phonemes, /d/ and /ā/, and a and y are vowels. Interestingly, y is not always a vowel; it is a consonant at the beginning of a word and a vowel at the end. The 2 most common vowels are short (marked with the symbol  ̆, called a breve) and long sounds (marked with the symbol ¯, called macron). Slide7

How to Teach Short Vowels in Kindergarten

Teachers can show students the vowel letter and say the short vowel sound. For example, tell them "This is 'a' and it says /a/.

Teachers can display pictures that begin with the short vowel sound. Pictures will help students remember the short vowel sound. For this sound, use pictures that begin with short "a" such as apple and ant. Once students understand the short "a" sound, show them other pictures that contain the short "a" sound such as hat, bat, and cat. Tape the pictures to the board, write the words underneath the pictures and underline the letter vowel to emphasize that sound.Slide8

How to Teach Long Vowels

Teachers can display pictures that begin with the long vowel sound. Pictures will help students remember the long vowel sound. For this sound, use pictures that begin with long "a" such as acorn and apron. Once students understand the long "a" sound, show them other pictures that contain the short "a" sound such as snake, cake, and tape. Tape the pictures to the board, write the words underneath the pictures and underline the letter vowel to emphasize that sound.

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Vowel Combinations

Vowel combinations are vowel digraphs or diphthongs. When two vowels represent a single sound, the combination is a vowel digraph

 (e.g., nail, snow), and when the two vowels represent a glide from one sound to another, the combination is a 

diphthong

.Here is a list of some vowel digraphs:ee as in feet, seed, feelea as in eat, easy, heat, peach, eachai as in snail, pail, details, nailoo as in food, look, tookau as is taught, caught, laughaw as in saw Here is a list of some diphthongs: 

io

 as in foil, soil, oil

oy

 as in toy, boy

ou

 as in bound, house  

o

w

 as in cow 

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Consonant Digraphs and Blends

Two kinds of combination consonants are blends and digraphs. Consonant blends occur when two or three consonants appear next to each other in words and their individual sounds are "blended" together, as in grass, belt, and spring. Examples of consonant blends are the 

fr

 in 

frame, the cl in click, and the br in bread.  Consonant digraphs are letter combinations representing single sounds that are not represented by either letter; the four most common are ch as in chair and each, sh as in shell and wish,  th as in father and both, and wh

 as in 

while

. Another consonant digraph is 

ph

, as in 

photo

 and 

graph

. Slide11

Blending Sounds Into Words

Readers blend or combine sounds in order to decode words. Even though children may identify each sound, one by one, they must also be able to blend them into a word. For example, to read the short-vowel word best, children identify /b//ĕ/ /s/ /t/ and the combine them to form the word. For long-vowel words, children must identify the vowel pattern as well as the surrounding letters. In pancake , for example, children identify /p/ /ă/ /n/ /k/ /ā/ /k/ and recognize that the e at the end of the word is silent and marks the preceding vowel as long.Slide12

Phonograms

A phonogram is a letter or group of letters that represent a single sound.  One-syllable words and syllables in longer words can be divided into two parts, the onset and the rime: The onset is the consonant sound, if any, that precedes the vowel, and the rime is the vowel and any consonant sounds that follow it. For example, in 

show,

“

sh” is the onset and  “ow” is the rime, and in ball, “b” is the onset and “all” is the rime. For  “at” and  “up,” their is no onset; the entire word is the rime. Research has shown that children make more errors decoding and spelling the rime than the onset and more errors on vowels than on consonants (Caldwell & Leslie 2005). In fact, rimes may provide an important key to word identification.Slide13

The End

Brought to you by Tashawna King