Before the Revolution Napoleon httpwwwyoutubecomwatchvIzw29EJvvg I PreRevolutionary Russia Only true autocracy left in Europe No type of representative political institutions Nicholas II became Tsar in 1884 ID: 458593
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Slide1
Russian RevolutionSlide2
Before the Revolution
Napoleon
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Izw29EJvv-gSlide3
I. Pre-Revolutionary Russia
Only true autocracy left in Europe
No type of representative political institutionsNicholas II became Tsar in 1884
Believed he was the absolute ruler anointed by God
Revolution broke out in 1905 --Russo-Japanese War (1904)Slide4
II. The Revolution of 1905The creation of a discontented working class
Vast majority of workers concentrated in St. Petersburg and Moscow
Help from the countryside: poor peasantsNo individual land ownershipSlide5
II. Revolution of 1905 Russia industrialized on the backs of the peasants
Tremendous historic land hunger among peasants
Real winners of the 1905 Revolution: Middle Class
--Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets) --Duma
Slide6
October Manifesto
Soviets= Workers Council
Leon Trotsky led the MensheviksExpansion of Civil LibertiesLimited Monarchy
Legislature elected by universal SuffrageLegalization of Trade Unions and Political PartiesSlide7
Alexander III
Nicholas II
Olga
Marie
Alexandra,
wife of Nicholas
Tatiana
Anastasia
AlexeiSlide8
Alexis: Alexandra’s Son with HemophiliaSlide9Slide10
IV. Alexandra: The Power Behind the ThroneEven more blindly committed to autocracy than her husband
The influence of Rasputin over Alexandra
Origins of Rasputin’s powerScandals surrounding Rasputin served to discredit the monarchySlide11
VI. The Collapse of the Imperial Government
Nicholas leaves for the Front—September, 1915
Alexandra and Rasputin throw the government into chaos
Alexandra and other high government officials accused of treasonSlide12
VI. The Collapse of the Imperial Government (cont)Rasputin assassinated in December of
1916
Supposedly poisoned, shot, beaten and drownedRefusal to receive assistance of the Russian Middle Class
Complete mismanagement of the wartime economySlide13
The Romanov family was murdered at
Yekaterinburg
on July 17th, 1918. After his abdication in March 1917, Nicholas and his family had been put under house arrest and kept just outside of St. Petersburg. As the civil
war
developed, the whole family was sent to Tolbolsk in Siberia and from here to Yekaterinburg in the Urals.
The Romanov family was murdered at
Yekaterinburg
on July 17th, 1918. After his abdication in
March 1917
,
Nicholas
and his family had been put under house arrest and kept just outside of St. Petersburg. As the
civil war
developed, the whole family was sent to Tolbolsk in Siberia and from here to
Yekaterinburg
in the Urals.
The Romanov family was murdered at
Yekaterinburg
on July 17th, 1918. After his abdication in
March 1917
,
Nicholas
and his family had been put under house arrest and kept just outside of St. Petersburg. As the
civil war
developed, the whole family was sent to Tolbolsk in Siberia and from here to
Yekaterinburg in the Urals.Slide14
Did Anastasia Survive?
While skeletons of 3 of the Romanov girls there is a fourth skeleton missing.
Many people claimed to be the princess.
People love a mystery!http://www.youtube.com/user/kromeike?feature=mhw4Slide15
The legend of Anastasia and Anna Anderson
Anderson and Anastasia had physical similarities.
A foot deformity like Anastasia's
.
Anthropologists found their faces to be very similar.
Historians generally agree this was NOT Anastasia Romanov.Slide16
What do these two have in common?Slide17
They’re both pickled!!!
Lenin is still preserved today in an open tomb visitors can view daily.
Lenin died in 1924
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUkdZGeIsZUSlide18
Seriously!
The family of Lenin's embalmers states that the corpse is real and requires daily work to moisturize the features and inject preservatives under the clothes.
Lenin's sarcophagus is kept at a temperature of 16 °C (61 °F) and kept at a humidity of 80 - 90 percent.
The chemical used was referred to by the caretakers as "balsam", which was glycerin and potassium acetate.
Slide19
Why pickle a guy?
Millions of Russians have paid tribute to his tomb for 82 years.
Today he is one of Russia’s most famous tourist attractions.
Why was he so great?Slide20
Let’s Back Up
Marxism
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
The Communist Manifesto and CapitalIn a series of struggles between classes the lower class would seize power from the upper class
If no Capitalism workers would work out of a sincere desire to help each otherSlide21
Who are these people?
Bolsheviks
MarxistLed by LeninSocialist party of elite militant revolutionaries would prevail
Argued that the workers needed their leadership
MensheviksMarxistBelieved Russia not ready for SocialismBelieved in a gradual approachOrganized workers towards greater class consciousnessSlide22
1917 Revolution
Causes
StolypinDumaWorld War I
Rasputin
EffectsWomenMutinyAbdication of the TsarTakeover by LeninSlide23
Bolsheviks in PowerLenin orders all farmland to be distributed among the peasants and gave control of the factories to the workersSlide24
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Bolsheviks sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany
Russia had to surrender a large chunk of territory to GermanyThe land contained a large portion of Russia’s population and industry.
The terms of the treaty caused widespread angerSlide25
Civil WarThe Bolshevik opponents form the White Army
Leon Trotsky commanded the Bolshevik Red Army
Around 15 million Russians died in the civil war from 1918-1920The Red Army won Slide26
Lenin’s Economic Reforms
War and revolution destroyed the Russian economy
Lenin launched the New Economic Policy or NEPLenin put aside his idea for a state-controlled economy and resorted to a small scale version of capitalism.
The government still kept control of major industries and banksSlide27
Lenin’s Political Reforms
Lenin organized Russia into several self-governing republics under the central gov’t
The country was named the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Bolsheviks renamed their party the Communist Party
They created a constitution based on socialist and democratic principles, but the Communist party had total controlSlide28
v.
Trotsky (right) was a firm Marxist who wanted support for a worldwide revolution against capitalism
Stalin (left) wanted to work on socialist views in Russia firstStalin put his supporters into top jobs and isolated Trotsky in his own partySlide29
Stalin v. Trotsky cont…Trotsky was stripped of party membership and fled into exile in 1929
He was later murdered in Mexico by an agent working for StalinSlide30
Stalin becomes Dictator
Stalin was cold, hard and impersonal
After forcing Trotsky out Stalin focused on Russia’s developmentHe used the phrase “socialism in one country” to describe his aims of perfecting a Communist stateSlide31
Stalin’s Totalitarian State
Stalin transformed Russia into a Totalitarian state
Totalitarianism described a gov’t that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life
Totalitarian leaders appear to provide a sense of security and give direction for the futureSlide32
Stalin’s Economic Reforms
Lenin’s NEP was a mixture of free enterprise and state control
Stalin’s economic policy called for total state control
He called for a command economy, which is a system where the government makes all economic decisionsSlide33
USSR’s Industrial Revolution
In 1928, Stalin outlined the 1
st of many five-year plans for development of the USSR’s economyThe five-year plans set unrealistic quotas to increase the output of steel, coal, oil, and electricitySlide34
USSR’s Industrial Revolution cont…
To try and reach these unrealistic quotas, the gov’t limited consumer production
People faced shortages of housing, food, clothing and other goods
The gov’t controlled every aspect of the worker’s life, which took a toll on peoples personal lives
From 1928-1937, industrial production increased by 25%Slide35
Agricultural Revolution
In 1925, the gov’t seized 25 million privately owned farms
The gov’t combined them into collective farmsPeasants resisted the gov’t and Stalin used terror and violence to force the peasants to workSlide36
Agricultural Revolution
The kulaks, a wealthy class of peasants, resisted heavily and the gov’t executed them or sent them into exile
By 1938, more then 90% of peasants lived on collective farms and agricultural production was twice what it had been in 1928Slide37
Weapons of Totalitarianism
Police Terror
Dictators of totalitarian states uses terror and violence to force obedienceMonitored telephone lines, read mail, planted informers
Lavrent Beria
(right): head of secret policeSlide38
Weapons of Totalitarianism
In 1934, Stalin launched the Great Purge, a campaign of terror that was directed at eliminating anyone who threatened his power
When the Great Purge ended in 1939, Stalin gained total control of both the Soviet government and the Communist PartySlide39
Weapons of Totalitarianism
2)
Indoctrination and Propaganda
Totalitarian states rely on indoctrination or instruction on the govt’s set of beliefs, to mold people’s minds
Party leaders lectured workers and peasants on the ideals of communismThe State supported youth groups and used them as training grounds for future party membersSlide40
Weapons of Totalitarianism
Soviet newspapers and radio broadcasts glorified the achievements of Communism and Stalin
Soviet Realism was an artistic styles that praised Soviet way of lifeSlide41
Weapons of Totalitarianism
3)
CensorshipStalin would not tolerate individual creativity that threatened conformity
Gov’t controlled all newspapers, motion pictures, radio and other sources of informationSlide42
Weapons of Totalitarianism
4)
Religious PersecutionCommunists aimed to replace religious teachings with the ideals of CommunismThe Russian Orthodox Church was the main target of persecution
Roman Catholics and Jews were also persecutedSlide43
GULAGS
Soviet Forced Labor
CampsSlide44
Daily Life for Women Under Stalin
With the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, women won equal rights
Women had new educational opportunities, but were still responsible for their household duties
Women were supposed to provide the state with future generations of obedient citizensSlide45
Education
The government controlled all education from nursery school to the university
School children learned the virtues of the Communist Party
They party also set up youth programs called Komsomols