Data analysis in the research process Observed events and objects Constructs variables Concepts Method Theories Epistemology Values world view Records Findings Results Interpretations ID: 419429
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Slide1
Data collectionSlide2
Data analysis in the research process
Observed
events
and
objects
Constructs,
variables
Concepts
Method
Theories
Epistemology
Values,
world view
Records
Findings
Results
Interpretations
explanations
Knowledge claims
Value claims
Research
review
Research
design
Data
collection
Dataanalysis
Discussion
Internal validity
External
validity
Investi-
gative
lens
Episte-
mologicallens
Researchquestion
2Slide3
Data collection
Modality
Interviews
Focus groupsObservationsMeetings
TrainingInterventionsDocument analysisEmails, sms
ToolsTape recordingTranscribingInterview reportsInterview guideDiaryField notesTaking pictuturesDocumentingRememberingIllustratingSlide4
Interview design
Planning
Recruit according to what you want to find out
StakeholdersSnowballing
Interview guideYou get answers as you ask themOpen and closed questionsProbingSlide5
Conducting interviews
The venue is importantSlide6Slide7
Documenting interviewsSlide8
Sharing and validation
Can
fieldnotes
be shared?
Context is neededSharing in a teamFieldnotes versus empirical descriptionsContext, structure and interpretation Validation of data produced by participant observation?
Rich descriptionsBe clear about the context(s) of data productionBe clear about your role and be present in the text Slide9
RegistrersSlide10Slide11
What about the 31 other reportsSlide12
Activity planSlide13
ANM diarySlide14
Mother & Child registrersSlide15
Engaged discussionSlide16
TrainingSlide17
The saw their own dataSlide18Slide19Slide20Slide21
Letter on terms and conditions for the distributed SIM’s
Note that in this letter ANM is provided with150 rupees per month in contrary to what is communicated to the ANMs today(100 rupees).Slide22
Participant observation
Balancing distance and closeness
Participating and observing
Paying attention to what is taken for granted
The time aspect
Interaction dataHow people interact gives information about social structures and values Enable us to study what cannot be articulated by the informantsWhat people say vs. what they doA gap between what people say and do often points to something important Slide23
The role of the researcher
Producing data
together with
the informants
Mutual influence The researcher’s status and personality influence
gender, civil status, class, conduct DressingWhich role to take? EthicsLearning from your mistakesUse informants to discuss interpretationsParticipant observation in one’s own cultureHow much is shared? Active distancing – try to see things with fresh eyesSlide24
Writing
fieldnotes
Scratch
notes
Notes taken ”in action”Taking a break to take notesPen and paperRecorder/mobileCool quickly!Field notes Notes ”after action”Write ”everything” – you never know what may turn out importantRemember the context Remember yourselfInclude reflections and interpretations, but keep them separate from the observationsSlide25
References
Ellen, R.F. 1984: Ch.8: Producing Data” in Ellen, R.F.
Ethnographic Research.
Academia Press
Hume, L. and Mulcock, J. 2004: Anthropologists in the field. Cases in Participant Observation. Columbia University Press
Narayan, K. 1993: ”How Native is a Native Anthropologist?” in American Anthropologist: Journal of the American Anthropological Association, nr. 5 1993Sanjek, R. 1990: ”A vocabulary for Fieldnotes” in Sanjek, R. (ed): Fieldnotes. The Makings of Anthropology. Cornell University PressSpradley, J. P. 1980: Participant observation. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College PublishersSlide26
Explorative interview tools
Photo interviews
Modelling
, drawing