Cobequid Estuary Nova Scotia Landward limit of tidal facies Seaward limit of fluvial influence Estuary a coastal embayment with mixed marinefluvial influence Estuaries have retrogradational ID: 685714
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Slide1
Estuary Environments
Salmon River/
Cobequid
Estuary, Nova ScotiaSlide2
Landward limit of tidal
facies
Seaward limit of fluvial influence
Estuary: a coastal
embayment with mixed marine/fluvial influence
Estuaries have
retrogradational
facies
stacking pattern (form during transgression); deltas prograde and form during regressionSlide3
Tide-Dominated
Estuary
Flaser
bedding, bidirectional (mostly seaward)
x-beds, IHS
Herringbone dune cross-beddingSlide4
Wave-Dominated Estuary
Wapengo
Lagoon, Australia
Central Basin
Bay-Head Delta
Flood-Tidal Delta
BarrierSlide5
Flaser
bedding, bidirectional (mostly seaward)
x-beds, IHS
Fine-grained sed.
Low-angle upper plane bed laminationSlide6
Likely planar lamination,
interfingering
with central basin mudSlide7
Flood-directed dunes (planar x-beds)
High-energy tidal inlet (erosive base, 3D dunes)Slide8
Transgressive
Ravinement Surface: tidal or wave scour cut during landward transgression of shoreline
Transgressive
shoreface
or estuary mouth deposits
above; regressive fluvial or coastal belowSlide9
Ravinement
surfaces are stratigraphic
discontinuities formed in a marine setting
Can also be demarcated by distinctive trace
fossils (animal burrows or borings)
Glossifungites
Ichnofacies
Traces with sharp walls, scratch-marked walls,
and/or contrasting
sediment fill indicate firmground
(firm but not lithified substrate)Skolithos and
ArenicolitesRhizocoralliumSlide10
1.
Erosion of upper unconsolidated sediment exposes compacted firm lower layers
Can occur at
:
tidal
ravinement
surfaces, wave
ravinement
surfaces, tidal channel lateral migration, tidal creek
meanders (require exhumation of firm sediment in marine setting)
2
. Organisms colonize firm substrate, creating open burrow networks
3. Subsequent deposition of contrasting sediment infills burrowsSlide11
FSST and LST missing,
transgressive
ravinement
surface has scoured below maximum regressive surface and
subaerial unconformity
Combined TRS,
MRS
,
RSME/SU
Use name of most recent
surface