TO THE GENERAL POPULATION IN MASSACHUSETTS OLUSEYI ALEGE CHELSEA AMOAKO QUEENLY KYEI amp LILI ZHAO SHREWSBURY HIGH SCHOOL WORCESTER TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL What is Infant Mortality Infant Mortality ID: 731068
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Slide1
INFANT MORTALITY
AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS AS COMPARED
TO THE GENERAL POPULATION IN MASSACHUSETTS
OLUSEYI ALEGE, CHELSEA AMOAKO, QUEENLY KYEI & LILI ZHAO
SHREWSBURY HIGH SCHOOL, WORCESTER TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOLSlide2
What is Infant Mortality?
Infant Mortality
: Refers to the death of an infant prior to one year of age.
The infant mortality rate
(IMR)
is the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births in a population.
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Categories of Infant Mortality
Perinatal Death
- infant death within 7 days
Neonatal death
- infant death within 28 daysPost neonatal death
- infant death within 28 days to 365 days
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How Infant Mortality Became A Problem
Causes of Infant Mortality:
Premature Birth
Pregnancy Complications
Unintentional Injuries
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IMR Rate per Every 1000 Live Births by Race/ Ethnicity (2015)
Studies conducted by the CDC reveal that African- Americans have
2.2
times the infant mortality rate as non-Hispanic whites.
5
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015)Slide7
What is a Health Disparity
?
"
A health disparity is the difference in the:
incidence,
prevalence
, mortality
, burden of disease, and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups when compared in contrast to another group (in this case, Massachusetts)."
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Risk Factors
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
Maternal Obesity
Low Birth Weight
Stress
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HIV Infection.
HIV can be spread from the mother to the child through breastfeeding or through the birth canal.
8
Source: WebMD, 2017Slide10
Maternal Obesity
Pre-pregnancy obesity largely contributes to neonatal death and overall infant death.
Too much nutrition going through the mother's placenta can alter the physiology of the baby
.
9
Source
:
Massachusetts Births (2015
)Slide11
Low Birth Weight
Low Birth Weight is one of the leading factors of infant deaths in African-American women, and is closely linked to premature birth.
One prominent complication that arises with babies with low birth weight is:
Respiratory Distress
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Statistics of low birth weight and by Race/Ethnicity
Increase in low birth weight of African Americans when compared to the general population in Massachusetts.
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Source: Med Scape, 2010Slide13
Maternal Stress
The subject of maternal stress shows a clear racial gap when comparing African- American women and White women during pregnancy. It is closely linked to infant mortality in the second trimester (post- neonatal death).
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Help Is On The Way!
National Birth Equity Collaborative
National Institute for Children's Health Quality.
CDC's Division of Reproductive Health
WIC
Worcester Healthy Baby Collaborative (WHBC) (WorcesterHealthyBaby.org)
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Worcester Healthy Baby Collaborative
“A Baby’s Health is a City’s Wealth” – Dr. Leonard Morse
Created in 1996
''reducing the rates of premature birth and infant deaths in the city of Worcester''
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Self-Preventative Measures
Good prenatal nutrition
Postnatal Checkups
Acquire needed vaccinations (Influenza Shot, Pertussis/TDAP Shot, etc.)
Placing infant to sleep on back
Avoiding bed-sharing
15Slide17Conclusion and Future Perspective
Infant mortality is a health disparity in Massachusetts among the African American community, and depends heavily on the health of the mother, and how the baby is affected by it.Infant mortality is an important indicator of the health of a nation." - Marian F.
McDormanTo be able to significantly further reduce the infant mortality rate, we must spread awareness to this issue to all people in Massachusetts, and across the United States.
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Questions?
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Questions?
17Slide19Sources
2017 Massachusetts State Health Assessment. Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, Oct. 2017, www.mass.gov/files/documents/2017/11/03/2017 MA SHA final compressed.pdf.Albelda, R., Cadet, F., and Mei, D. (2017) Poverty in Massachusetts by Race. Center for Social Policy Publications. Retrieved July 11,2018
“Are There Ways to Reduce the Risk of Infant Mortality?” Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1 Dec. 2016, www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/infant-mortality/topicinfo/reduce-risk.Edited by Marsha Grabau and Sharon Pagnano, Massachusetts Births, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 22 Mar. 2016, www.mass.gov/eohhs/docs/dph/vital-records/birth-report-2015.pdf
.“HIV.” Mobile Header, 20 Nov. 2015, www.stlouischildrens.org/diseases-conditions/hiv.http://www.bostonplans.org/getattachment/f1ecaf8a-d529-40b6-a9bc-8b4419587b86https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/racism-induced-stress-black-infant-mortality/https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/global-health/nutrition/role-nutrition-ending-preventable-child-maternal-deaths Infant Mortality Statistics from the 2013 Public Domain
. Edited by Matthews TJ et al., National Vital Statistics Reports; Vol 64 No 9. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Division of Vital Statistics Statistics. 2015. , www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_09.pdf.JE, Lawn. Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth. Edited by Howson CP and Kinney MV, Save The Children, World Health Organization, New York, 2012, brandongaille.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Premature-Birth-Trends.jpg.Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Massachusetts State Health Assessment. Boston, MA; October 2017.MassCHIP
. (n.d.). Mass.Gov. Retrieved July 18, 2018 from http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/researcher/community-health/masschip/ 18Slide20Sources(cont.)
Mass.gov, 6 Oct. 2011, www.mass.gov/eohhs/searchresults.html?output=xml_no_dtd&client=mg_eohhs&proxystylesheet=massgov&getfields=*&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&tlen=215&sitefolder=eohhs&filter=0&requiredfields=&startsite=EOHHSx&q=preterm births&site=EOHHSx&x=0&y=0.“Massachusetts Births 2015.” Mass.gov
, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Registry of Vital Records and Statistics, Dec. 2016, www.mass.gov/eohhs/docs/dph/vital-records/birth-report-2015.pdf.Neto, Felippe Leopoldo Dexheimer, et al. Advances in Pediatrics., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 30 Mar. 2016, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4829690/figure/fig4/.“Office of Minority Health.”
Heart Disease - The Office of Minority Health, minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=23. University of Amsterdam, “Preterm Births Child Trends.” Pelagic Zone Wikipedia, induced.info/?s=Preterm Births Child Trends. “U.S. www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/taCensus Bureau QuickFacts: Massachusetts.” U.S. Trade with Haiti,
ble/ma/RHI625217#qf-headnote-b.19