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Laws on Child Sexual Abuse Laws on Child Sexual Abuse

Laws on Child Sexual Abuse - PowerPoint Presentation

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Laws on Child Sexual Abuse - PPT Presentation

for Mental Health Professionals By DrJagadeeshN MBBS MD DNB LLB PGDMLE Professor of Forensic Medicine Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences Bangalore Karnataka Hon Consultant CEHAT Mumbai ID: 362841

sexual pocso amp sec pocso sexual sec amp examination medical 2012 child treatment injuries act person assault doctor hospital consent police crpc

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Slide1

Laws on Child Sexual Abusefor Mental Health Professionals

By

Dr.Jagadeesh.N

MBBS, MD, DNB, LLB, PGDMLE

*Professor of Forensic Medicine

Vydehi

Institute of Medical Sciences

Bangalore, Karnataka

*Hon. Consultant, CEHAT, MumbaiSlide2

POCSO 2012Sec 3

Penetrative Sexual assault

Person said to commit - with a child penetrates Penis – vaginal /mouth /anal / urethral - inserts object / any part of body………………. - Manipulates – part of body of child…….. Applies his mouth …penis…. Or viceversa Sec 4 - 7 yrs to Life imprisonment, fine

2Slide3

POCSO 2012Sec 5

Aggravated Penetrative Sexual assault

Police, Public servant, Armed forces, Jail, remand home, Hospital, educational/ religious institute, Gang, deadly weapons, communal riots, Pregnant, 12 yrs, Physical or mental disability, repeats with same child, stripping nakedSec 6 - 10yrs to Life imprisonment, fine3Slide4

POCSO 2012Sec 7

Sexual assault Sexual intent touch vagina, penis, anus, breast or vice versa without penetrationSec 8 - 3yrs to 5yrs, fineSec 9 – Aggravated Sexual assault Police, Public servant, Armed forces, Jail, remand home, Hospital, educational/ religious institute, Gang, deadly weapons, communal riots, Pregnant, 12 yrs, Physical or mental disability, repeats with same child, stripping nakedSec 10 -5yrs to 7yrs, fine

4Slide5

POCSO 2012Sec 11

Sexual harassment

Sexual intent - Word, sound, gesture, pornSec 12 -3yrs, fine5Slide6

Can you examine without a police requisition?Yes

SC in State of Karnataka V

Manjanna

( 2000 SC (Crl) 1031/CriLJ3471/2006(6)SCC188 )Medicolegal Emergency – Voluntary reporting to the HospitalPOCSO Act 2012 - Sec 27 POCSO Act 2012 & - Rule 5 POCSO Rules 2012Section 357 C CrPC6Slide7

Informed Consent/ Informed Refusal?

I…………………D/o or S/o………………...hereby give my consent for:

a) medical examination for

treatment Yes /Nob) this medico legal examination Yes /Noc)

sample collection

for clinical & forensic examination

Yes

/

No

I also understand that

as per law the hospital

is required to inform police and this has been explained to me.

I want the information to be revealed to the

police

Yes /NoI have understood the purpose and the procedure of the examination including the risk and benefit, explained to me by the examining doctor. My right to refuse the examination at any stage and the consequence of such refusal, including that my medical treatment will not be affected by my refusal, has also been explained and may be recorded. Contents of the above have been explained to me in ……………………………………..…. language with the help of a special educator/interpreter/support person (circle as appropriate) ……………………..…...If special educator/interpreter/support person has helped, then his/her name and signature……………Name & signature of survivor or parent/Guardian/person in whom the child reposes trust in case of child (<12 yrs) With date, time &place…………………………Name & signature/thumb impression of Witness With date, time & place …………

7Slide8

Purpose of Medical examination

Evidence

based model –-----

 TREATMENT modelRule 5 POCSO…. Injuries, STDs – HIV, pregnancy, Emergency Contraception, psychological counselingSection 357 C CrPC ….. First aid / treatment, free of cost Sec 33(8) & Rule 7 POCSO – Special Court

Section 166 B IPC

…… 1yr, fine, both

8Slide9

Comprehensive careInformed Consent & Documentation

Physical & surgical needs

Emergency contraceptive & pregnancy advice

Mental assessment & Counseling – RapeTrauma Syndrome (PTSD) - CSA Accomodation syndromeSTD care including HIV & Hepatitis BRehabilitation – shelter homes / occupation / monetary reliefFollow up – delayed injuries / STD 9Slide10

Is it mandatory to inform police?Mandatory reporting under POCSO Act 2012

Sec 19 … less than 18 yrs

(Child cannot report/complain

so responsibility on surrounding Adult)Sec 357C CrPC …….. Sec 166B IPC or Sec 21 POCSOSection 164A CrPC ……. CONSENT (WCD guidelines ?!)Examination / evidence collection / treatment / Photography / Police intimation???Informed refusal?????? NO…… As per Law….?

(

HFW guidelines

)

Rule 4 of POCSO ……..

FIR

!

10Slide11

Problems of Mandatory reportingCare & Treatment affected

MTP services under MTP Act ?

Confidentiality , Privacy, Trust !??

International scenario – Support agencies!!!!David McQuoid-Mason, Mandatory reporting of sexual abuse under the Sexual Offences Act and the ‘best interests of the child’, SAJBL, December 2011, Vol. 4, No. 2 SAJBLStrode, J. Toohey, C. Slack, S. Bhamjee, Reporting underage consensual sex after the Teddy Bear case: A different perspective, SAJBL, November 2013, Vol. 6, No. 2.

11Slide12

Is it mandatory to go to Government hospital for Sexual Assault examination?

Sec 357 C CrPC

&

WCD guidelines ………..Public or Private Central Govt, State Govt, Local body, Any personRule 5 POCSO …… Nearest HospitalSec 27 POCSO ….. As per Sec 164 A CrPCSec 164 A CrPC …… Absence of Govt…..

Any RMP

12Slide13

Is presence of injuries a must??

WHO evidence

– 30%

Bowyer L, Dalton ME. Female victims of rape and their genital injuries. J ObstetGynaecol.1997;104:617-620CEHAT evidence (http://cehat.org/go/R83manual.pdf) 19% body injuries, 38% genital injuries23% cases only had injuries – McLean I, Roberts SA, White C, Paul S :Female Genital Injuries Resulting from Consensual and Non-consensual Vaginal Intercourse, Forensic Science International, 204(2011)27-33.Unconscious

– drug/trauma,

Over powered, fear, lubricant

Explanation 2 to Section 375 IPC

no physical resistance

does not

mean consented

WCD

guidelines - in CSA – often No physical injuries

13Slide14

Is it necessary for a female doctor ONLY to examine sexual assault victims?

Liberal interpretation of Section 53 (2) CrPC

Section 164A CrPC - any RMP

Section 27 POCSO Act - woman doctor for girl survivorGuidelines & Protocols, Ministry of HFW, 2014 every possible effort……. If not… male doctor14Slide15

Who can be present while the doctor conducts examination?No other persons – if it’s a Female doctorIf it’s a Male doctor Disinterested, Sound, Major, Female

Sec 27 POCSO Act 2012 - Parent or any person whom she/he trusts - if not ….. Hospital has to provide

15Slide16

Are past sexual practices still documented in Sexual assault examination?

Sec 146 IEA …. Amended in 2005 & 2013

Two finger test

Old hymenal injuriesPast Pregnancies / Abortions / Contraceptive practices / Last consensual sexual intercourseBuilt / Height / WeightWhen relevantChronic sexual abuseIf within one week - consensual sexual intercourse16Slide17

Sec 41 POCSO?

The provisions of sections 3 to 13 (both inclusive)

shall not apply

in case of medical examination or medical treatment of a child when such medical examination or medical treatment is undertaken with the consent of his parents or guardian.Child wants examination but parents oppose?Consent for Sexual Intercourse V Medical Exam?!!!Section 375 IPC excludes all medical examinationsSec 42A POCSO

17Slide18

What is the status of Marital Rape?

Civil Law

√ - PWDVA- Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act…… any ageCriminal Law X - Sec 375 IPC……. more than 15 years of age

-

POCSO Act

……

less than 18 years

of age

Minimum age for marriage is 18 years legally for female

18Slide19

What is Medical Evidence?

Trace evidence

Locard’s

principle of exchangeSemen , Spermatozoa, Blood, Hair, cells, Dust, Paint, Grass, Lubricant, Fecal matter, Body fluids, SalivaInjuries – Body / Genitals……. – Skin / MucosaAbrasions, Contusions, Lacerations, Fractures Incised / Stab / Chop / Firearm injuriesSTDs – HIV, Hepatitis, GonorrheaEvidence of treatment – pain, infection, depression…

counseling

19Slide20

Expert witnessSection 45 IEA

When the Court has to form an opinion upon a point of foreign law, or of

science

, or art, or as to identity of hand writing or finger-impressions, the opinions upon that point of persons specially skilled in such foreign law, science or art, or in questions as to identity of handwriting or finger impressions, are relevant facts.Such person called experts. 20Slide21

POCSO 2012Sec 19 of POCSO Act 2012 …….. Any person …..likely offence or offenceSec 20 of POCSO Act 2012……. Hospital ….. Material /object ……Sexually exploitative

Failure to report

Sec 21

….. 6 months ……. Any person …... 1 year … incharge of hospital21Slide22

POCSO 2012Sec 27 – Medical examination - voluntary reporting - Informed consent

- woman doctor – girl child

- parent / trusted person …? Hospital

Rule 5 -Treatment of injuries, STD, HIV, pregnancy, emergency contraceptives, mental counseling22