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additional time to meet the obligations of the chapter NEW FEATURESTPP goes beyond previous agreements in addressing the distortions SOEs can cause in the market It is the first Free Trade Agreement F. of military courts. Eugene R. Fidell. Yale Law School. Expert Consultation, Geneva, November 24, 2014. goals of. military justice. Advance national security by ensuring discipline. Punish and deter crime -- . American Government. Standing. In order for a case to be heard in our legal system, the plaintiff must . have standing to sue. This means that the . plaintiff . generally must have sustained, or is in in immediate danger of sustaining, a direct and substantial injury from another person or an action of government. Geoff Provest. The Greek Conference. Corfu, 2009. FOREIGN JUDGMENTS. CONSTRAINTS . IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. WHY . DO WE NEED TO ENFORCE JUDGMENTS IN FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS. ? . TO ENABLE CREDITORS TO OBTAIN RELIEF WHERE THE DEBTOR’S ASSETS ARE OFFSHORE OR HAVE BEEN MOVED OFF SHORE. Montana Courts. Randy J. Cox. Montana . Supreme Court. District . and Justice Courts. “such other courts as may be provided by law”. Article VII of the Montana Constitution proves for 3-level court system: . The lower federal courts, beneath the Supreme Court.. Jurisdiction. The authority of a court to hear a case.. Exclusive Jurisdiction. Power of the federal courts alone to hear certain cases.. Concurrent Jurisdiction. The Federal Court System and Supreme Court Decision-Making. Jurisdiction. Jurisdiction:. Main Idea:. Introduction to Jurisdiction. Notes:. In US Federalism, our judicial system has parallel courts—. Chapter 18. Judicial Power. “The Judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.”. I. Types of Law. Civil. These are laws that governs relations between individuals & defines legal rights. Has a . Plaintiff . and . Defendant . (think "Judge Judy"). Usually "damages" are sought as penalty ($) . Jurisdiction. Jurisdiction . refers to the power, or authority of a court to hear and determine specific disputes. . Original jurisdiction . refers to the power to hear a case . in its first instance. Aug. 30. w. hat have we been doing so far…?. Sec. 1332. - Diversity of citizenship; amount in controversy; costs. . (a) The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and is between-. federal subject matter jurisdiction. diversity and alienage jurisdiction. U.S. Const. Article III..  . Section. 2. . Clause 1:The judicial Power shall extend …to Controversies …between a State and Citizens of another State;--. © . 2013 . Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.. Arraignment- Defendant is officially informed of charges and enters a plea. Subpoena- Legal document that orders someone to . testify. Prosecution- The Federal or State government that brings charges against a defendant in a criminal trial.. What is a Bureaucracy?. A bureaucracy is defined as the complex structure of offices, tasks, rules, and principles of organization that are employed by all large-scale institutions to coordinate the work of their personnel..