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© 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc. © 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.

© 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc. - PowerPoint Presentation

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© 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc. - PPT Presentation

Foreign Policy and National Defense Coach Lott Isolationism to Internationalism Chapter 17 Section 1 2 3 4 For more than 150 years the American people were chiefly interested in ID: 690251

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Slide1

© 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.

Foreign Policy and National Defense

Coach LottSlide2

Isolationism to Internationalism

Chapter 17, Section 1

2

3

4

For more than 150 years, the American people were chiefly interested in

_______________

,

or what was happening at home.

_______________

,

or the nation’s relationships with other countries, were of little or no concern.

_______________

,

the purposeful refusal to become generally involved in the affairs of the rest of the world, was American policy during this time.

Since World War II, however, U.S. policy has featured a broadening of American involvement in global affairs. Slide3

Foreign Policy Defined

Chapter 17, Section 1

2

3

4

A nation’s

_________________

is made up of all the stands and actions that a nation takes in every aspect of its relationships with other countries.

The President, the nation’s

______________

and

_____________________

of its armed forces, has traditionally carried the major responsibility for both the making and conduct of foreign policy.Slide4

The State Department

Chapter 17, Section 1

2

3

4

The State Department is headed by the secretary of state, who ranks first among the members of the President’s Cabinet.

An

_________________

is

a personal representative appointed by the President to represent the nation in matters of diplomacy.

The State Department issues passports, certificates issued to citizens who travel or live abroad.

_____________________

is usually applied to ambassadors and means that they are not subject to the laws of state to which they are accredited. Slide5

The Defense Department

Chapter 17, Section 1

2

3

4

This chart shows the chain of command of the American military services.Slide6

The Military DepartmentsThe Department of the ArmyThe army is the _________

and the __________ of the armed services.The army consists of standing troops, or the Regular Army, and its reserve units—the Army National Guard and Army Reserve.

Chapter 17, Section 1

2

3

4

The Department of the Navy

The navy’s major responsibilities are for sea warfare and defense.

The U.S. Marine Corps, a combat-ready land force, are under the auspices of navy command.

The Department of the Air Force

The air force is the youngest branch of the armed services.

The air force’s main responsibility is to serve as the nation’s

______________

of

defense.Slide7

Chapter 17, Section 2

3

4

1

The CIA and the INS

The CIA

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a key part of the foreign policy establishment.

The CIA is responsible for collecting, analyzing, and reporting information for the President and the NSC.

A full range of

____________

,

or spying, activities are undertaken by the CIA.

The INS

The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) deals with persons who come to the United States from abroad to live and work, and who may become naturalized citizens. The INS enforces immigration laws and requirements and administers benefits to immigrants.Slide8

NASA and the Selective ServiceNASAThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the independent agency which deals with the nation’s space policy.

The Selective ServiceThe Selective Service System handles, when necessary, the conscription—or

________

of

citizens for service in the armed forces.

Chapter 17, Section 2

3

4

1Slide9

Foreign Policy From Independence Through World War I

Chapter 17, Section 3

2

4

1

As stated in George Washington’s Farewell Address, for the next 150 years the United States practiced a policy of

_____________

.

The

____________________

(1823) warned Europe to stay out of the affairs of North and South America and established the United States as the hegemonic power of the Western Hemisphere.

Throughout the nineteenth century, the United States expanded across the North American continent through both land purchases and acquisitions through war.

As the United States expanded commercially in the late nineteenth century, so did the reach of its foreign policy, as seen in the

____________________ policy in effect in Latin America during the early 1900s, and the ___________________ for China during the same time.Slide10

World War I and World War II

Chapter 17, Section 3

2

4

1

World War I

The United States entered World War I after continued disruptions of American commerce due to German submarine warfare.

After the defeat of

_____________

and the Central Powers, the nation retreated to a policy of isolationism.

World War II

The bombing of

______________

on December 7, 1941 signaled the United States entry in World War II, joining the Allies (Russia, Great Britain, and China) fighting against the Axis Powers (Italy, Japan, and Germany).

World War II led to a historic shift away from isolationism to an increased role in

__________________

by the United States. Slide11

Two New Principles________________is the policy of making America and its allies so militarily strong that their very strength will deter—discourage, or even prevent—any attack.

______________________

,

approached by the United States following World War II, involves a world community in which most nations would agree to act together against any nation that threatened the peace.

Chapter 17, Section 3

2

4

1Slide12

Resisting Soviet AggressionThe ____________ was a period of more than 40 years during which relations between the United States and the Soviet Union were tense, but did not result in direct military action between the two.

Chapter 17, Section 3

2

4

1Slide13

Détente Through the PresentFollowing the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam, the Nixon administration embarked on a policy of ____________.

Détente is a French term meaning “relaxation of tensions.Nixon would become the first U.S. President to visit mainland China in 1972. He also visited Moscow during his administration.

The cold war came to an end with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

January 1991 brought the Persian Gulf War, with American forces spear-heading a multinational force to drive Iraqi forces out of Kuwait.

Chapter 17, Section 3

2

4

1Slide14

Foreign Aid

Chapter 17, Section 4

2

3

1

________________

economic

and military aid to other countries—has been a basic feature of American foreign policy for more than 50 years.

Most aid has been sent to those nations regarded as the most critical to the realization of this country’s foreign policy objectives.

Most foreign aid money must be used to buy American goods and products.Slide15

Security AlliancesOther AlliancesThe United States is also part of the Rio Pact with Canada and Latin America, the ANZUS pact with Australia and New Zealand, as well as other pacts in the Pacific region.The United States has also taken an active interest in the actions that unfold in the Middle East, although America is not part of any formal alliance in the region.

Chapter 17, Section 4

2

3

1

The

_____________________

(NATO) was formed to promote the collective defense of Western Europe.

Today, NATO’s purpose has changed. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, NATO’s goals have broadened to include peacekeeping roles, such as in the Balkans, and establishing a continued relationship with Russia.Slide16

The United Nations

Chapter 17, Section 4

2

3

1

The United Nations was formed following World War II to promote peace and security across the globe.

The General Assembly acts as “the town meeting of the world.”

Oversight and maintenance of international peace is delegated to the

_______________________

,

of which the United States is a permanent member.

Peacekeeping missions, international aid to children and women, and investigations and aid for world health services are all examples of current United Nations functions.