Organizing the Elements The Periodic Table Your Periodic Table unknown 17 3240 unknown 37 8488 Protons 17 Atomic Mass 3545 Val Electrons 7 Class Halogen nm State gas ID: 772392
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Organizing the Elements The Periodic Table
Your Periodic Table unknown 17 ? 32-40 unknown 37 ? 84-88 Protons = 17 Atomic Mass = 35.45 Val. Electrons = 7 Class.= Halogen (n-m) State = gas Density = 0.00321 g/mL Color = yellowish green Char. = reacts easily, respiratory irritant, natural Protons = 37 Atomic Mass = 85.47 Val. Electrons = 1 Class. = Alkali Metal State = solid Density = 1.532 g/mL Color = silvery white Char. = soft metal, reacts easily, violent reaction with water
The Periodic Table of Elements
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table Elements were arranged horizontally by increasing atomic mass. Elements were grouped vertically according to similar characteristics
Mendeleev’s Breakthrough An element’s properties can be predicted based on its location in the periodic table. Mendeleev was able to predict the existence of 5 yet-to-be-discovered elements Prediction Discovered Ekaaluminium (1871): atomic mass = 68 density = 6.0Gallium (1875):atomic mass = 69.72density = 5.904Ekasilicon (1871):atomic mass = 72density = 5.5color = greyGermanium (1886):atomic mass = 72.61density = 5.35color = grey
The Modern Periodic Table Elements are now arranged by increasing atomic number (number of p + ). Mendeleev’s table used atomic mass (# of p+ and n 0)Elements in vertical columns share similar characteristics.This creates a repeating pattern of characteristics as you move across each row.The word “periodic” means regular, repeated pattern.
Inside the Boxes 4 Important Facts about the Elements 6 12.011 C Carbon 6 CCarbon12.011 Element NameElement Symbol Atomic NumberAtomic Mass(“atomic weight”)
Inside the Boxes 4 Important Facts about the Elements Element Name – Duh… Element Symbol – 1, 2, or 3 letters that represent the name of the elementThe symbol may or may not be similar to the English name of the element Many derive from the Latin name of the elementAtomic Number – The number of protons (p+)found in the nucleusAtomic Mass – The average number of protons (p+) and neutrons (n0) in the nucleusa.m.u . (atomic mass unit) = mass of 1 proton or 1 neutron
Organization GROUPS18 vertical columns Each group is numbered (# on top of columns) Also called, “families” (i.e. – the lithium family) Elements in a family share similar characteristics Valence Electrons (groups 1-2, 13-18)
Interesting Element “Families” Group 1 (Alkali Metals) are all metals that react violently with water . Group 11 (Copper Family) are all metals that react with water slowly or not at all. Group 18 (Noble Gases) rarely react at all!
Organization PERIODS7 horizontal rows Each period is numbered (# on left of rows) La’s and Ac’s are part of period 6 and 7 Arranged based on the configuration of electrons (implications in chemical bonding)Periods display a repeating pattern of characteristics
Patterns in the Table # of p + increases left to right
Patterns in the Table a tomic mass increases left to right
similar characteristics
elements in groups share #’s of valence e- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
increasing density down the columns
classifications Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals Lanthanides Actinides Metalloids Non-Metals Halogens Noble Gasses
standard state G L Gasses Solids L Synthetic Synthetic S