Researchers Katie Cossette MSOTS15 Stacey Dahm MSOTS15 Stephanie Flower MSOTS15 Susan Goedeken MSOTS15 Merissa Harkema OTDS16 Problem Poor health behaviors are a significant contributor to illness and mortality ID: 466018
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Slide1
Relationship between health self-efficacy and health care education
Researchers: Katie Cossette, MSOT/S’15 Stacey Dahm, MSOT/S’15 Stephanie Flower, MSOT/S’15Susan Goedeken, MSOT/S’15Merissa Harkema, OTD/S’16Slide2
Problem
Poor health behaviors are a significant contributor to illness and mortality.3 out of the 4 leading causes of death are heavily influenced by daily choices and behaviors (Hoyert & Xu, 2012)1 million deaths per year in the U.S. can be attributed to tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet and alcohol use (Glanz,
Rimer
, &
Viswanath, 2008)Slide3
How can we address poor health behaviors?
Health self-efficacy: a person’s belief that she or he can successfully perform activities which will influence her or his healthPreliminary evidence suggests that education and knowledge can lead to higher health self-efficacy (Hawkes & Holm, 1993)Who has high health self-efficacy? Do people working in healthcare fields believe they can change their state of health? Slide4
Purpose:
To determine if the health self-efficacy of healthcare students and practitioners is significantly different from that of adults studying and working in other fields.Importance: Health care providers play an influential role in the health behaviors of their clients.Hypothesis: Adults working or studying in the field of healthcare will have higher health self-efficacy than adults working and studying in other fields.
Purpose and HypothesisSlide5
Methods: Subjects
Participants: 154 individuals took the survey,137 were included in the study, recruited via Facebook and email Demographics: Age: 20-35 years old, mean age 23.84 years
N
Age Mean (SD)
%
Female
Student Health Care
58
22.67 (1.49)
86
Student Non-Health Care
22
22.59 (3.26)
74
Worker Health Care
14
25.14 (4.56)
79
Worker Non-
Health Care
43
24.98 (4.18)
70Slide6
Methods: Outcome Measures
Outcome Measures: Health-Specific Self-Efficacy Scales by Schwarzer and Renner Measures health self-efficacy related to nutrition (5 questions), physical exercise (5 questions) and alcohol resistance (3 questions)
For Physical Exercise the survey asks: How certain are you that you could overcome the following barriers?
I can manage to carry out my exercise intentions…
Even when I have worries and problems
Even when I feel depressed
Even when I feel tense
Even when I am tired
Answers on an ordinal scale:
very uncertain (1), rather uncertain (2), rather certain (3), very certain (4)Slide7
Statistical Analysis
To compare aggregate means across groups:Independent measures T-test– compare means between individuals in HC and individuals not in HC1-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post-hoc test—compare means between four groups: HC student, HC worker, Non HC student, Non HC workerTo compare the three components (nutrition, exercise, alcohol resistance) between individuals in HC and individuals not in HC:
Mann-Whitney U non-parametric testSlide8
Results: Aggregate Health Self-efficacy
M
SD
Significance
Health Care (72)
39.06
5.98
0.001
Non Health Care (65)
35.68
5.86
Table 2 T-Test
Independent T-test between Health Care and Non-Health Care Groups
Post hoc
Tukey
test: Significant difference between HC Student and
NonHC
Worker, p=0.026 Slide9
Nutrition
Exercise
Alcohol
HC
NonHC
HC
NonHC
HC
NonHC
Mean Rank
78.96
57.97
74.3
63.13
73.13
64.42
Significance
0.002
0.099
0.185
Results: Comparison between components of health self-efficacy
Mann Whitney U TestSlide10
Results: Comparison between components of health self-efficacy
*
*
p<0.05Slide11
Discussion
Hypothesis SupportedIndividuals in the health care field have higher health self-efficacySupport for Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 2004)Core determinants of self-efficacy:
Knowledge
Outcomes expectations
Active vs. passive information gathering
Active correlated with high SE re: physical activity (
Hirvonen
et. al, 2012)Slide12
Limitations
Convenience Sample: friends, familyHigh proportion of femalesPossible response biasSurvey may not have addressed all health behaviorsSlide13
Clinical Implications
Health self-efficacy linked with behavior Clinicians are aware of potential differences in health self-efficacy between themselves and their clientsSlide14
Future Research
Difference in actual health behaviors of population?Causality?Knowledge high self-efficacy?
People with high self-efficacy choose health care?Slide15
Summary / Conclusions
There is a significant difference in overall health self-efficacy between those in the health care field and individuals who work and study in other fieldsNutrition was the only area of significant differenceThe largest difference in health self-efficacy was between health care students and non-health care workers