Bill McFarland VP Technology Qualcomm Atheros Outline System capacity discussion 80211u WiFi Hotspot 20 Hybrid LTEWiFi small cells 1000x Capacity Increase Needed 5B cumulative ID: 309150
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Slide1
Service Provider Wi-Fi
Bill McFarland, VP Technology, Qualcomm AtherosSlide2
Outline
System capacity discussion
802.11u
Wi-Fi
Hotspot 2.0
Hybrid
LTE/Wi-Fi
small cellsSlide3
1000x Capacity Increase: Needed
5B
cumulative
smartphone sales
estimated for 2012 - 2016
Average
traffic per smartphone nearly tripled in
2011150 MB/Mo, versus 55 MB/Mo in 2010 Over the past five years, AT&T’s wireless data traffic has grown 200X
Exponential growth in mobile data utilizationSlide4
1000x Capacity Increase: Possible!
Number of antennas limited by device size
Spectrum limited by availability, government policy
Interference mitigation difficult, can only go so far
Only big lever is to substantially reduce cell size
But cellular deployment models/economics make increasing the number of base stations by 32x expensive and slow
capacity/user ≈
n W log
2
(1+
)/
# users
Signal
Noise
Number of Antennas (4x?)
More Spectrum (4x?)
Mitigate
I
nterference (2x?)
Small Cells!
(32x?)Slide5
Why
Wi-Fi?
The
capacity is
needed,
t
he clients are there
The number of devices connected to IP networks will
be twice as high as the global population in 2015,
up from one networked device per capita in 2010.
Wi-Fi
Enabled
Devices Shipped
2011 MU
2015 MU
Handsets
589
1,219
Tablets
59
262
Mobile
Clients
648
1481
Notebooks,
netbooks, AIOs
242347Other Wi-Fi clients160415TOTAL1,0502,243Source: iSuppli, Q2, 2011 Connectivity Forecast. Other Wi-Fi-enabled clients consists of the following: printers – 41M in 2011, 69M in 2015; digital cameras – 7M in 2011; 24M in 2015; gaming consoles – 40M in 2011, 56M in 2015; handheld gaming – 36M in 2011, 35M in 2015; eReaders – 3M in 2011; 15M in 2015; LCD TVs – 18M in 2011; 180 in 2015; DVD Players/Recorders – 12M in 2011; 29M in 2015; STBs – 3M in 2011, 7M in 2015.
Cisco Visual Networking Index:
Forecast & Methodology June, 2011Slide6
How Do we Make Wi-Fi
a Service Provider Network?
Transparent, hassle free services discovery (802.11u)
Features to enable cellular offload onto
Wi-Fi
(Hotspot 2.0)Seamless operation across cellular and Wi-Fi networks (LTE/Wi-Fi hybrid small cells)Slide7
Wi-Fi Industry Standards Ecosystem Overview
IEEE802.11
Accord
VHT5G
Core
Spec
11ad
(60 GHz)
WSE
Docking
EXTEND
60
GHz
Hot-spot 2.0
WBA
GSMA
Smart
Grid
CSEP
Home
Plug
ZigBee
WiGig
Serial Bus
11ai
FILS
11af
TVWS
TVWS
WSA
11aq
PAD
WPS
NAN ‘Social Wi-Fi’
Social SIG
Docking Consor-tium
Dock-ing
TDLS
11ac11ahDis-playWi-Fi AllianceNFCWFD SvsWFD Svs GroupGen Link SG11uSlide8
802.11uSlide9
9
802.11u Icon Bar Displays
Localized Mobile Services (LMS)
(courtesy of Esteban Torres, Cisco)Slide10
How Does 11u Change the Situation?
SSID 1
SSID 2
SSID 3
SSID 4
Current Approach:
Device scan for SSIDs
End user has to associate with SSID to discover the service in the SSID
End user launches web browser and enters URL to get web service
Current Approach
SSID 1
SSID 2
SSID 3
SSID 4
802.11u Approach:
Device scans for service (not SSID)
Prompts end-user or auto launches service
End-user clicks on prompt, automatically associates with SSID, and seamlessly launches a web service
802.11u
Service Discovery Pre-association
Service
Service
ServiceSlide11
What’s Required to Implement 802.11u
The AP needs a “service advertiser”
The client device needs a “service launcher”
802.11u-enabled Handset
Handset Vendor
Wi-Fi Driver
Software
Update
802.11u
Protocol
stack
GUI
Handset Vendor
Verizon
LMS
Integrated
into WI-Fi ICSlide12
802.11u GUI
802.11u defines messaging and protocols, but these are straightforward
The key will be creating GUI’s that allow users to configure this capability easily and to their liking
OFF
Mode:
Service
ON
LMS
Open
Closed
Handset with 802.11u
GUI
My Icons:
Target
Ascot
Starbucks
Best Buy
-
Favorites
802.11u Filters
Wi-Fi Driver
Software
Update
802.11u
Protocol
stack
GUI
802.11u Filters
Show me only
Coffee houses
Hotspot
Retail stores
LMSSlide13
Hotspot 2.0 (
Passpoint
)Slide14
Service Provider
Wi-Fi
is currently not easy to use (manual intervention required) and confusing
Web page redirection creates ease of use problem
Absence of a standardized mechanism for connection establishment
Hotspot network connectivity ≠ Network service
Inconsistent and limited security (local access and authentication mechanism)
No indication that a session has expired – network access is suddenly lost
Problem Statement
Cellular : Turn on phone and make call
Hotspot : Turn on Wi-Fi and ?
Find
Connection Manager
Launch
Connection Manager
Scan for
SSIDs
Select
Correct
SSID
Associate
with
SSID
?Slide15
Use case: Cellular-like Experience
Automatic and Secure Easy Connectivity for Wi-Fi Subscribers
Cellular
Automatic and Secure
1. SP subscriber comes to roaming partner
2. Gets service
automatically
3. Secure connection
Hotspot 2.0
1. SP subscriber turns
on his phone
2. Gets cellular service
automatically
3. Secure connection
Cellular Tower
(Home SP)
Cellular Device
1. Wi-Fi subscriber comes
to AP of Home SP
2. Gets Wi-Fi service automatically
3. Secure connection
Automatic and Secure
Cellular Device
Hotspot 2.0 STA
(single or
dual-mode)
Hotspot 2.0 AP
(Home SP)
Cellular Tower
(Roaming
Partner)
Hotspot 2.0 STA
(single or
dual-mode)
Hotspot 2.0 AP
(Roaming
Partner)
1. Wi-Fi subscriber comes
to AP of Roaming Partner
2. Gets Wi-Fi service automatically 3. Secure connection
Source: WFA Slide16
Scope of Work for the WFA Hotspot 2.0 Technical Taskgroup
Development of Specifications
ANQP (Access Network Query Protocol)
extensions
to 802.11u
Operator Policy and Sign On ProcedureSecurity EnhancementsDevelopment of an Interoperability TestplanInteroperability PlugfestingSlide17
Wi-Fi
Passpoint
(Hotspot 2.0)
Name
+ Spec
Passpoint, based on Hotspot 2.0 Tech SpecDescription
Seamless WLAN connectivity for mobile devices, modeled on cell phone networks
Key Technologies802.11u802.1x
EAP-SIM, AKA, TLS, TTLS, FAST
High
Value Use Cases
Enable Wi-Fi traffic offload from mobile networks to WLAN.
Device to automatically joins network using p
re-loaded credentials for preferred Service Provider Networks (Significantly better User Experience).
Target CustomerOperators, Infrastructure Vendors, Handheld
OEMs, PC,Target Products
Access Point, handheld, PC, tablet
Key Requirements
Release 1: Streamlined network access
Release 2: Provisioning of Operator policyRelease 3: Seamless Service Across 3GPP and Wi-Fi Access
Timeframe
Release 1: launched 6/26
Release 2: late 2013 Release 3: 2014/15Slide18
Hotspot 2.0 Procedure
Discovery
:
The mobile device is scanning for APs with which to associate and for related information useful for network
selection
HS 2.0 enables an STA to discover usable APs based on Hotspot Operator Friendly Name, Roaming Consortium list, Venue name, NAI Realm list, Domain Name list
, 3GPP Cellular Network informationAdditional performance related information is available eg., BSS load, Backhaul capacity , WAN
Metrics, Connection Capability, Online Signup providers list, etc.Registration: The mobile device is setting up a new account with an SP or hotspot provider. If the mobile device already has valid credentials for a given hotspot, this state is short-lived. Provisioning: The Wi-Fi infrastructure is establishing credential information and providing policy information to the mobile device. If the mobile device already has valid credentials for a given hotspot, this state is short-lived
.
Security schemes available are WPA2 Enterprise, EAP-SIM
, EAP-AKA, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS
Access:
The mobile device has successfully associated and authenticated with the hotspot and can access the services for which the user has subscribed.Slide19
HS2.0 Capabilities and Requirements
Interworking IE
Roaming Consortium IE
BSS Load IE
VENUE Name
Network Authentication Type
Roaming Consortium List
IP Address Type AvailabilityNAI Realm List3GPP Cellular Network InfoDomain Name List
HS Query List
HS Capability List
Operator Friendly Name
WAN metrics
Connection Capability
NAI Home Realm Query
Operating Calls Indication
802.11u
HS2.0
Hotspot 2.0 uses protocol defined within the IEEE P802.11u-2011, Amendment 9: Interworking with External
Networks
Assist
in network selectionAssist in capabilities supportedWFA defined Hotspot
2.0 extensions of the 802.11u information elements (ANQP)
Elements exchanged using 802.11u (Generic Advertisement Service) GAS framesSlide20
ANQP elements used for HS2.0 (not complete list)
Roaming Consortium
Indicates roaming consortium or SSP (i.e. operator) whose security credentials can be used to authenticate with the AP
Domain
Name List
Domain Name of the entity operating the 802.11 networkValues include: On-line enrollment supported, HTTP/S redirectionOperator Friendly NameWi-Fi client can request a list of all the mobile operators' names that are allowed to automatically connect to the Wi-Fi hotspot. If your operator's name is on the list, your device will proceed with connection decisions
WAN MetricsProvides information on the speed of the WAN connection to the Internet.
Connection CapabilityProvides connection status of the most commonly used communications protocols and ports.Network Access Identifier (NAI) Home Realm QueryUsed by the STA to determine if the NAI realms for which it has security credentials are realms corresponding to SPs or other entities whose networks or services are accessible via this BSS. (Which service providers can I connect to here?)Hotspot (HS) Query ListProvided by STA to APCarries identifiers of ANQP elements for which the mobile is
querying the AP
Hotspot (HS)
Capability List
Provides list of information configured in
AP back to the mobile deviceSlide21
Secure Access – Network Authentication Type
Wi-Fi CERTIFIED
Passpoint
is WPA2™ Secured
Wi-Fi CERTIFIED
Passpoint uses following credential type and EAP methods
Credential Type
EAP MethodCertificateEAP-TLS
SIM/USIM
EAP-SIM
,
EAP-AKA
Username/Password (with server side certificates)
EAP-TTLS
with MSCHAPv2
Secure AccessSlide22
Hotspot GAS exchanges
Hotspot 2.0 capable AP Beacons and Probe Response frame include:
RSN IE(WPA2)
Interworking Element (includes HESSID and Venue Information)
Advertisement Protocol Element (Indicates ANQP)
Roaming Consortium Element(A list of roaming consortium identifier)
The Hotspot 2.0 Indication element
Hotspot 2.0 capable STAs scan for networks and discover an AP advertising Hotspot 2.0 capability.Hotspot 2.0 capable STA uses ANQP to the AP to determine properties of the Hotspot 2.0 Access Network. The Hotspot capable STA selects the ANQP query elements it requires to query the Hotspot 2.0 network for Interworking Service information.
GAS Initial Request Frame
( Advertisement Protocol = ANQP;
ANQP Query = {Venue Name, Network Auth, Roaming Consortium, IP Address Type, NAI Realm, 3GPP Cellular information, Domain Name; Operator Friendly Name, WAN Metrics, Connection Capability} )
GAS Initial Response Frame
( Advertisement Protocol = ANQP;
Venue Name; Network Auth; Roaming Consortium; IP Address Type; NAI Realm; 3GPP Cellular information; Domain Name; Operator Friendly Name,; WAN Metrics; Connection Capability)
Hotspot 2.0 capable STA evaluates the response based on its Hotspot 2.0 subscription information and associated policy and choose to associate to the AP.
NOTE SSID is not necessary to make the network selection.
Associate and WPA2 EAP Authentication
Secure WPA2 Data ConnectivitySlide23
Hybrid LTE/Wi-Fi
Small CellsSlide24
LTE+Wi-Fi Convergence -- Basic
Definition
Single device with LTE small cell and Wi-Fi capabilities
Dynamic offload and hand-off between radios & networks
Basic requirements
Femto + Wi-Fi connection managementConnection method should be invisible to userSmart policies and control in both terminal and networkSmart system selection/ bandwidth management
Link quality based selectionPreserve cellular management with Wi-Fi
offloadHotspot 2.0 generalizationBilling, roaming, authentication, securityCo-existenceSelf organizing LTE, Wi-Fi, and LTE+Wi-FiSlide25
LTE+Wi-Fi Convergence -- Advanced
Advanced requirements
Femto
+
Wi-Fi
connection managementEnhanced system selection/ bandwidth managementMobility/ velocity, application requirementsBandwidth aggregationTCP layer (multipath TCP)IP layer (Hy-Fi
type) MAC layerTraffic shaping, network acceleration and backhaul optimization for
LTE+Wi-Fi flowsRF and HW architectures, cost synergiesSlide26
Thank you!