What political group was in power in Germany during World War II Which country was Britain at war with during the Battle of Britain What political group put up the Berlin Wall after World War II ID: 707078
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Slide1
World War IISlide2
Which country did President Franklin Roosevelt want to provide weapons to under the Lend-Lease Act?
What political group was in power in Germany during World War II?
Which country was Britain at war with during the Battle of Britain?
What political group put up the Berlin Wall after World War II?Slide3
Allies
AxisSlide4
One week after signing the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Germany invaded western Poland
Britain and France declared war on GermanySlide5
Invasion of Poland, Video Notes
Which nation pledged to defend Poland if they were invaded?
Hitler took a risk when invading Poland, hoping that Britain and France would not declare war. Did Britain and France declare war?
What did the Polish invasion prove for the first time?Slide6
Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister of Britain
Russia attacked the eastern half of PolandSlide7
Germany used a “blitzkrieg” strategy meaning “lightning warfare”
Combined tanks and airplanes
Within a month, Germany and Russia had conquered PolandSlide8
France Surrenders
Germany’s next target was France
Maginot Line - France built a series of defensive fortifications which stretch 200 miles across the border of France and Germany designed protect against a German invasion Slide9
1940 – Germany avoided the Maginot Line by moving through Belgium instead
Belgium was heavily woodedSlide10
Miracle at Dunkirk
Like World War I, German troops moved quickly through Belgium and France
German army surrounded French and British troops against the English Channel near Dunkirk
Dunkirk – French town along the English ChannelSlide11
Evacuation of Dunkirk, Video Notes
What types of boats were used during the evacuation of Dunkirk?
How many men were evacuated at Dunkirk?
What happened to the Allies weapons during the evacuation of Dunkirk?
Within a few weeks of the evacuation at Dunkirk, France surrendered. Of the European countries that held out against Nazi Germany, which country was the last to hold out against Germany?Slide12
The evacuation of Dunkirk saved the lives of thousands of soldiers and provided a morale boost… temporarily
On June 17 1940, France surrendered (less than two weeks after Dunkirk) Slide13
On June 10, Mussolini declared war on France and Britain (one week before France surrendered) Slide14
Battle of Britain
After France surrendered, only Britain remained against GermanySlide15
Since Britain possessed a strong navy, Hitler chose not to invade Britain (same as Napoleon)
Germany decided to use the German air force (Luftwaffe) to bomb BritainSlide16
German bombing raids focused on LondonSlide17
Battle of Britain, Video Notes
Who was targeted during the bombing on London?
How many German bombers were present in a single wave?
How many people were killed during the 3 months of German bombing?
Describe the morale of the British during the blitzes on London.Slide18
Britain used radar and good intelligence to hold off German air raids
After several months, Hitler ended his attacks on London and decided to invade the Soviet Union instead (Operation Barbarossa)Slide19Slide20
Meanwhile, Churchill (Prime Minister of Britain) rallied the free world against Germany
U.S. begins to selling weapons and supplies to help Britain (not troops)
Arsenal for Democracy – provided financial aid, supplies and weapons to those who fought against Germany, Italy and JapanSlide21
Operation Barbarossa
After several months, Hitler abandoned his attacks on Britain and focused his attention on the Soviet Union
Despite the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 using 3 million soldiersSlide22
The Soviet Union was (once again) unprepared for war,
Not completely industrialized
Most of its top officers were killed during the Great PurgeSlide23
Soviets used “Scorched Earth Policy”
Scorched earth policy – burning crops and destroying all buildings and equipment while retreatingSlide24
Germany gained a lot of territory, capturing the Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic before winter
Germany, unprepared for the winter, was forced to retreat while thousands froze to deathSlide25
United States Joins the War
After the Battle of Britain, U.S. became more involved in World War II, sending supplies to Britain and China
In July 1941,
U.S.
stopped providing oil
to
JapanSlide26
On December 7, 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor (U.S. naval base in Hawaii)
On December 8, U.S. declared war on Japan as well as Germany and ItalySlide27
Battle of Stalingrad
Germany invaded the Soviet Union again late in the summer of 1942
Originally, Germany’s goals were to disrupt manufacturing and cut off oil supplies
On July 3, 1942, Hitler demanded that Germany also take over the city of StalingradSlide28
On August 23, 1942, Germany invaded Stalingrad
Both Germany and Soviet Union fought
over Stalingrad for
symbolic value (based on the name of the city)Slide29
Germany began the invasion by using the Luftwaffe to bomb the city
The ruins from the bombings made it difficult for weapons (including tanks) and supplies to enter
StalingradSlide30
Snipers
hid in the rubble, inflicting casualties
Vasily Zaytsev
– Soviet sniper who
had
225 confirmed
kills
at StalingradSlide31
3 months into the battle, Germany had captured 90% of
Stalingrad
Germany pushed the Soviets against the banks of the Volga RiverSlide32
Soviets
struggled to send reinforcements, weapons and supplies across
the Volga
river
Luftwaffe
IceSlide33
The battle was fought in the streets, houses and even the sewer
Both sides were without food and supplies as winter approachedSlide34
Eventually, the German commander went against Hitler’s orders and surrendered
After Stalingrad, the Soviets began to dominate Germany on the eastern front
Soviets pushed the German army all the way back to BerlinSlide35Slide36
North African Campaign
As the Soviets fought Germany on the eastern front, Britain and U.S. fought Germany
(
Afrika
Korps
)
and Italy in North AfricaSlide37
In the end, Axis forces were pushed out of North Africa, retreating to ItalySlide38
Italian Campaign
On July 10, 1943, a Britain, Canada, and America invaded the island of Sicily, using amphibious and airborne landings
Axis forces evacuated the island and retreated to mainland ItalySlide39
As a result of the invasion of Sicily, Benito Mussolini was overthrown from power in ItalySlide40
On September 3, 1943, Allies landed in southern Italy (the toe) and Italy agreed to an armistice (agreement to end fighting)
After Italy attempted to exit the war, Hitler sent German troops into Italy to fight against the AlliesSlide41
Battle of Normandy
On June 6, 1944, the Allies invaded
France along the beaches
This
became known as
D-DaySlide42
Due to Operation Fortitude, Germans were surprised by the attack and Allies were met with minimal resistance aside from Omaha
Beach
Germany believed that an attack was coming at Calais and refused to send appropriate reinforcementsSlide43
The Battle of Normandy ended in disaster for Germany.
Allied forces quickly moved through France toward
Germany
On August 25, 1944, Paris was liberatedSlide44
Battle of Bulge
In
December 1944, Germany launched a
massive counterattack
, known as the
Battle of the Bulge
.Slide45
Germany was able to
delay the Allied advance
, but was
unable to break through
enemy lines.
Germany was on the
decline
, facing round-the-clock
bombings
and
assassination
attempts. Slide46
By
March,
Britain
and the
United States
had
entered German
territory from the
west
.
The
Soviet Union closed in on Berlin from the east
.Slide47
Battle of Berlin
By the time the Soviet Union entered the German
capital of Berlin
, Germany was
completely depleted
.
Berlin was left to be defended by the
police
,
World War I veterans
and the
Hitler Youth
.Slide48
As
Soviet troops
fought their way into the city,
Hitler committed suicide
in an underground bunker
.
On May 7, 1945
Germany surrendered
.
The war in Europe officially ended the next day, known as
V-E Day
(
Victory in Europe
)Slide49
America
began an “island hopping” strategy.
Island-hopping—Attacking strategically important islands, while bypassing more heavily defended Japanese islands
.Slide50
Following
the defeat of Germany, America began focusing on Japan.
Most of the Japanese navy and air force had been destroyed.
However, the Japanese army still possessed over 2 million men
.
As America approached mainland Japan, each battle seemed to result in the loss of more American lives than the previous battle
.Slide51
At Iwo Jima and Okinawa, the Japanese had shown that they would rather fight to the death, rather than surrender.
By 1944, the Japanese had begun using kamikaze pilots.
Kamikaze—Pilots who purposely crashed their airplanes into American warships
.Slide52
American officials estimated that invading Japan would result in over one million casualties
July 1945, Allied scientists successfully tested the first atomic bomb, allowing America another way to win the war
.Slide53
At the Potsdam Conference, the U.S. demanded that Japan surrender or face “utter and complete destruction
”
After Japan refused to surrender, Truman authorized the use of the atomic bomb against Japan
.Slide54
On August 6, 1945 and August 9, 1945 the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Japan at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
On August 9, 1945 the Soviet Union declared war on Japan
.Slide55
On August 14, 1945 Japan surrendered.
This became known as V-J Day
.