Year 11 Psychology - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Year 11 Psychology

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

CHAPTER 1Slide2

The systematic study of mental processes and behaviour

Mental Processes are also known as Thoughts and Feelings

Main goals in Psychology are to:Describe Predict Control Explain

What is psychology?

Thoughts, feelings and behaviourSlide3

Any observable action or response, that is able to be

seen

and measured, made by a living person or animal.Examples: eating, walking, smiling, watching tvIt DOES NOT include thoughts and feelingsNote, however, that thoughts and feelings INFLUENCE behaviour and vice versaWhat is Behaviour?Slide4

There are two main types of behaviour:

Overt behaviour – any response that is external and directly observable. Usually it can be seen happening.

Eg: smiling, turning the page of a book...Covert behaviour – any response that is internal or hidden, thus cannot be directly observed.Eg: thoughts, feelings, brainwave activity, glandular activity...Breaking down behaviourSlide5

4 years full time study in psychology degree

AND

2 years full time post graduate study in psychologyOR2 years full time practice under supervision

Must be registered with a State or Territory board (APS)

Medical degreeANDPost graduation qualification in psychiatry

Able to perform medical procedures

Able to prescribe drugs to treat or control symptoms of mental health problems

Registered with AMA

PSYCHOLOGY Vs PSYCHIATRYSlide6

Academic psychologist

Clinical psychologist

Community psychologistCounselling psychologistEducational psychologistForensic psychologistHealth psychologistNeuropsychologistOrganisational psychologistSport psychologistPsychology as a professionSlide7

Psychologists approach the study of behaviour in a scientific way

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

: the systematic approach for planning, conducting and reporting research involving the collection of empirical dataThis method allows psychologists to draw accurate and objective conclusionsSCIENTIFIC NATURE OF PSCYHOLOGYSlide8

So try not to overcome this problem, it is important to repeat the research to ensure the results are

accurate

or can be applied to other situationsREPLICATION: involves conducting an experiment again to ensure the results are accurate or can be duplicated, hence ensuring the results are .Scientific research is not free from errorSlide9

STEP 1:

Identify the research problem

STEP 2:Formulate a hypothesis(A testable prediction of the results)STEP 3:Design the method Including a description of the participants (ie: people who take part in the research). The responses of the participants form the data/results of the research.Steps in Psychological ResearchSlide10

STEP 4:

Collect the data

The different data collection techniques include:Direct observationQuestionnaireInterviewPsychological testRecording physiological responsesExamining archival filesSTEP 5:Analyse the dataSummarising, organising & representing the ‘raw data’ in a logical format. Using this data, it is possible to determine whether the hypothesis is supported or rejected.Slide11

STEP 6:

Interpret and explain the data

Drawing conclusions from the results obtainedA conclusion is a judgement about what the results of an investigation meanThe conclusion should relate directly to the hypothesis from Step 2.STEP 7:Report the research findingsUsually, a report is presented to other psychologists at a conference and/or submitted for publication in a scientific journal.Slide12

There are many ways of explaining human behaviour that are NOT based on science even though they may claim to be.

Some have scientific sounding names and use very sophisticated systems for explaining behaviour.

E.g. Astrology, numerology, palmistry, graphology. Non-Scientific Explanations of Human BehaviourSlide13

These kinds of alternative approaches are often called

psuedosciences

(fake/false science).Slide14

Psychic: someone who claims to have supernatural ‘powers’ associated with the mind

Psi abilities:

the alleged powers that enable the mind to act in a way that is beyond its known capabilities. E.g. Esp, psychokinesis/telekinesisESP (extrasensory perception): the ability to perceive events without the use of the 5 known human senses.Psychics and psi abilitiesSlide15

Psychokinesis

/telekinesis:

the alleged ability to influence or control an external, physical event of object through thought processes alone.E.g. Bending a spoon by concentration aloneAstrology: a system for predicting & explaining behaviour based on the positions of the planets & stars at the time of a person’s birth.