Singh NITI Aayog 1432016 Policy Perspectives Urban Mobility Session Outline Urbanisation Facts Trends Policies and challenges Perspectives on Mobility Supply vs Demand ID: 565800
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Slide1
1
Jeetendra
Singh NITI Aayog14.3.2016
Policy Perspectives Urban Mobility Slide2
Session Outline
Urbanisation Facts, Trends, Policies and challenges Perspectives on Mobility – Supply
vs Demand Linkages between Urban Planning, Urban form and MobilityTransport Mode Choice Policy initiatives National Urban Transport Policy Transit Oriented DevelopmentIndia’s Urban Rejuvenation Mission Financing Urban Mass Rapid Transit Slide3
Urbanization is a recent phenomena worldwideIndia’s
urban population is 377 million (31% of total) (census 2011)Urbanization level is low compared to 45% in China, 54% in Indonesia, 78% in Mexico and 87% in Brazil
Growth rate of urban population Annual Growth Rate: 1970s: 3.8%, 1980s: 3.1%, 1990s: 2.73%, 2001-2011: 2.76%Urban areas contribute 63% of GDP Urban areas constitute 3% of land areaUrban Development a State subject - 29 States & 7 Union Territories3
Urbanization FactsheetSlide4
Key Trends in Urbanisation (India)
Large increase in towns
– emergence of census towns2001: 5161 towns 2011: 7,933 towns Concentration of urban population in large cities70% of urban population lives in 468 agglomerations with population more than 1 lakhLarge chunk in metros: 53 million plus cities (43% of urban populatSprawling of cities Low densities Growth of peri-urban areas Slide5
Urbanisation levels vary widely (India)
Urbanization levelsStates/UTsHighDelhi (97.5%), Mizoram (51.5%), Tamil Nadu (48.5%), Kerala (47.7%), Maharashtra (45.2%), Gujarat (42.6%) Medium
Punjab (37.5%), Andhra Pradesh (33.5%), West Bengal (31.9%), LowUttar Pradesh (22.3%), Odhisha
(16.7%),Assam (14.1%), Bihar (11.3%), Himachal Pradesh (10%) Slide6
Sources of increase in Urban Population (India)
6Slide7
200m new urban residents by 2030
(India)
City population category
590m
377m
Source: ITDPSlide8
Urban Development in India
Source: NITI-CSTEP Report on Smart Cities Workshop, Sep 2015Slide9
Key challenges of urban areas
Creation of more jobs
– Cities as “Engines of Economic Growth” – Transport as wheelsFrom 1952 to 2014-15: share of agriculture & allied activities in GDP reduced from 51% to 16% whereas labour force employed in these sectors reduced only from 70% from 54.6% Lack of infrastructure & basic amenities - water, sewerage, drainage, affordable housing, affordable public transport,
non-motorised transport (pedestrian & cycling tracks). This leads to Inefficiencies & low productivity High coping cost for low income groups/migrants/unorganized sector - non inclusive
Difficulties for businesses/industryHigh energy footprint Lack of proper solid and liquid waste management Pollutes ground and water bodies – sustainability issuesGovernance
Disaster Resilience
9Slide10
Issues in mobility with increasing Urbanisation
Access to
labour markets, education and leisure difficult – explosive growth of motor vehicles Sprawling cities discourage NMT – higher cost of travel for poorSafety - increased accidents and fatalities Congestion Energy intensityAir pollution -health impacts Slide11
How people in India’s top 53 cities commute to work
Public Transport
Less than 20%in 33 cities, 20%-30% % in 11 cities, 31-40% in 7 cities, 44% in 2 cities - Mumbai, VasaiVirarExceptions – Greater Mumbai Region and Kerala citiesOnly 1/4 to 1/3 residents use private Motor Vehicles but it receives the most attentionCycle/FootMore than 50% in 4 cities Between 40 to 50% in 10 cities Between 30 to 40% in 24 cities Between 20 to 30% in 14 cities
17% in 1 city Source: Census 2011, Live Mint, Nov 30, 2015Slide12
More Roads & Vehicles but what about Mobility ???Slide13
Cities for cars or people?Slide14
Over a third of trips on foot
BUT
WHERE ARE THE FOOTPATHS?Slide15
Is this common??Slide16
Will increasing supply of infrastructure solve the problem? Slide17
Urban Spatial Structures and Mobility
Deciding the preferred urban spatial structure
Intensify the density of existing built up areasExtend the city at the fringes of the built up areaMultiply nodes by building satellite towns (Delhi NCR) Deciding the land use Deciding densities Dispersed patterns – single use, low density: sprawls
Fragmented patterns – patches of high density single use pockets connected by highways Compact patterns – mixed use, medium/high density (TOD) Slide18
Our sustainable transport agenda
Public Transit
Walk & Bike
New
Smart Mobility (shared)
Transit Oriented Dev’t
Mobility Planning & Data
Travel Demand
Mgmt
(parking & congestion management)
What we
need to do ?
Source: ITDPSlide19
National Urban Transport Policy (India)
VISIONPlan for people not for vehicles - people at centre stage
Make cities most livable in the world Cities to act as “Engines of Growth” Evolve urban form best suited for unique geography of city and support main social and economic activitiesEncourage growth of urban transport along low carbon path Slide20
NUTP Objective
Plan for the people rather than vehicles by providing mobility and accessibility to all citizens to jobs, education, social services and recreation at affordable cost and within reasonable time Slide21
Realizing NUTP Objectives
AVOID – SHIFT – IMPROVEIncorporate urban transport planning at urban planning stage and not as a consequential requirement
Integrate land use with transport planningEquitable allocation of road space; people as the focus not vehiclesComprehensive Mobility Plan for citiesModal Mix priority NMT (pedestrian, cycle) Public Transport Personalized motor transport Slide22
Realizing NUTP Objectives
Why?
Work, School, Shopping, RecreationWhen? Peak/Off-PeakDay/EveningWeekday/WeekendWhere?
CommunityNeighborhoodCity
How? Walk or CyclePublic Transport Car/MotorbikeTRANSPORT DEMAND MANAGEMENTSlide23
Realizing NUTP Objectives
Transit Oriented Development Control the use of personal motor vehiclesPedestrianised
areasCar limited zones Congestion pricing zones High parking charges Planning for Freight Traffic Reduce pollution levels through changes in traveling practices, better enforcement, stricter norms, technological improvements, etc Focus on multi-modal integration, seamless travel across modesSlide24
Realizing NUTP Objectives
Build capacity to plan sustainable urban transportInnovative financing – land as a resource Involve private sector - tap their strengths
Promote cleaner technologies Intelligent traffic management systemsParticipatory approach Slide25
City population category
Small
Medium
Large
Walking &
Cycling Infra
Buses &
Paratransit
BRT / LRT
-
Metro
-
-
Transport Modes choice by
C
ity
SizeSlide26
Comparing Public Transport Modes
Investment
CapacitySpeed ReliabilityEnvironmental ImpactBusLow
MediumLowLowHigh
BRTMediumHighHighHighMedium
Light RailHighHighHighHighVery Low
MetroVery LowVery HighVery HighVey HighVery Low
Source: UN-HABITATSlide27
Capital Cost vs Capacity
Capacity (per/
h/d)Capital cost (USD/Km)Capital cost/CapacityTwo lane highway200010m - 20m5000-10000
Urban street (car only)8002m – 5m2500-7000
Bike path (2m)350010000030Pedestrian path (2m)4500100000
20Bus Lane100001m – 5 m300-500Bus Rapid Transit
5000-400001m – 10 m200-250Light rail10000-3000010m – 25 m800-1000
Commuter
Rail
20000-40000
40m – 80 m
2000
Metro Rail
20000-70000
40m-80m
2000-5000
Source: UN-HABITATSlide28
Rapid Transit WorldwideSlide29
A Cohesive Institutional Framework
Multiple OrganisationsMultiple Laws
29Slide30
Issues in establishing Lead Institutions
Legal BasisJurisdiction Functions
Planning Infrastructure Provision Regulation Operation of services Management structure Financing structure Slide31
Urban Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMTA)
Better coordination in planning & implementing urban transport projects
Integrated planning – land use + transport Integrated transport service Integrated management Eliminates overlaps & confusion Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune and Kochi have set up UMTA Slide32
Four Mega schemes to transform Urban India
Atal Mission for Urban Rejuvenation and Transformation (AMRUT) Smart Cities Mission
Housing for All by 2022National Heritage City Augmentation and Development Yojana (HRIDAY) Central Assistance of over 31 billion US Dollar (Rs 2 lakh crore) in 5 years Slide33
Atal Mission for Urban Rejuvenation & Transformation
(AMRUT)
500 citiesElements covered Universal coverage of piped drinking water and sewerage/septageGreen spaces/parksDrainage Non-Motorised Transport – walkways and cycle track City Bus
Funding – Rs 50,000 crore from Centre, equal share from States/ULBs
Flexibility – bottom up approach Incentive for Reforms Slide34
Smart City Mission
100
Smart cities Outlay from Centre Rs 50,000 croreSelection through a challenge processA Smart City will havebasic infrastructure, uses ‘smart’ solutions to make infrastructure and services better, and relies on Area based developmentSlide35
Smart Cities Mission Objectives
Provide basic infrastructure
Quality of life & LivabilityClean and sustainable environment.Apply Smart Solutions – make services & infra betterSet examples to be replicated both within and outside the Smart City and catalyze the creation of similar Smart CitiesSlide36
Smart Cities Mission Strategy
Develop Areas step-by-step – three models of area-based developments
Retrofitting,Redevelopment,GreenfieldPan-city initiative in which at least one Smart Solution is applied city-wide.Slide37
City wide Smart SolutionsSlide38
"In situ" Slum Redevelopment
Using land as a resource
With private participation Extra FSI/TDR/FAR if required to make projects financially viable
Housing For All (Urban)
Housing shortage – 20 million
Credit
Linked SubsidyInterest subsidy for EWS /LIG
for
new/
incremental
housing
6.5% for loan
upto
Rs 6
lakhs
, tenure of 15 years
Higher tenor/loan sizes admissible
Affordable
Housing in
Partnership
Private/
public sector including
p
arastatal
Central
Assistance
@ Rs 1.5
lakh
/
EWS house
where
35% of constructed houses are for EWS category
Subsidy
for beneficiary led individual house
construction
For
individuals of EWS category requiring individual house
State
to prepare a separate project for such beneficiaries Slide39
Financing Urban Infrastructure Mass Rapid TransitSlide40
Capital Investment required in Urban Sector
40
Source: Isher Ahluwalia High Powered Expert Committee report (March 2011) In Rs lakhCroreSlide41
Private sector involvement Brings investment
Improves service quality through better management and efficiencies Outcome based approach allows scope for innovation, reduces costs; Life cycle approach - tackles the maintenance issues; Traditional construction contracts suffer from huge time and cost over-runs – almost twice the initial estimates
Creation of institutions, streamlined processes and standardized documents increase capacity to design and execute projectsFinancing Urban Infrastructurethrough Private investmentSlide42
PPP: The financial model Slide43
PPP: the Biding parameter
Option 1 - Tariff based bidding
Specify minimum quality of service, concession period and offtake Award Concession to the Bidder proposing the lowest TariffOption 2 - Grant/Premium based bidding Specify minimum service, maximum tariff and concession period Award Concession to the Bidder asking the lowest GrantOption 3 - Annuity based biddingSpecify concession period and technical parameters. Award Concession to the Bidder bidding the lowest project costSlide44
Policy guidelines for PPP Projects
Approval and Appraisal
Guidelines on Formulation, Appraisal and Approval of PPP projects (PPPAC)Financial Support Guidelines on Financial support to PPP projects (VGF scheme)Scheme for financing through India Infrastructure Finance Company (IIFCL)Bidding Framework (word files available on website) Model RFP for selection for Technical, Financial and Legal Advisers Model RFQ for PPP projects
Model RFP for PPP projects Slide45
Viability Gap Funding scheme
Financial support in form of grant of 20% (+ 20%) of total project cost
Concession Agreement between Govt and a private entity Concessionaire selection through open competitive bidding Project to provide service against payment of pre-determined user chargeBidding criteria: VGFVGF disbursement after equity infusion by Concessionaire
Approval by Empowered Institution and Empowered Committee Slide46
Mixed Traffic
Traffic Grid lock-
Oliphanta
,
Secunderabad
Hyderabad Traffic – Inadequate Public TransportSlide47
Miyapur
Ameerpet
Jubilee Bus Station
Parade Grounds
Falaknuma
L.B.Nagar
Nagole
Shilparamam
JNTU
KPHB Colony
Kukatpally
Balanagar
Moosapet
Bharat Nagar
Erragadda
ESI
S.R.Nagar
Panjagutta
Irrum Manzil
Khairatabad
Lakdi-ka-pul
Assembly
Nampally
Gandhi Bhavan
OMC
Malakpet
New Market
Musarambagh
Dilsukhnagar
Chaitanyapuri
Victoria Memorial
Gandhi Hospital
Musheerabad
RTC X Road
Chikkadpally
Narayanaguda
Sultan Bazaar
Salarjung Museum
Charminar
Shalibanda
Shamsheergunj
Jangammet
Uppal
NGRI
Habsiguda
Tarnaka
Mettuguda
Secunderabad
Paradise
Rasoolpura
Prakash Nagar
Begumpet
MadhuraNagar
Yusufguda
Jubilee Hills Road No.5
Jubilee Hills Check Post
Peddamma
Temple
Madhapur
Durgam
Cheruvu
Hitec City
Hyderabad Metro Rail Corridors
3
Traffic corridors (
72 km
) in phase I. Cost
Rs. 14, 132 Cr.
1.
Miyapur
–
L.B.Nagar
: 29 km; 27
stns
2. Jubilee Bus Station –
Falaknuma
: 15 km; 16
stns
3. Nagole –
Shilparamam
: 28 km; 23
stns
1
2
3
2
1
3
Survey of India
M.G.Bus Station
Secunderabad R.S
Metro Rail Interchange
Ameerpet
Parade Grounds
M.G.Bus Station
MMTS Integration
Bharat Nagar
Khairatabad
Malakpet
Lakdi-ka-pul
Falaknuma
Begumpet
Integration with
Rail Terminals
Nampally
Secunderabad
Begumpet
Integration with
Bus Stations
Miyapur
M.G.Bus Station
Jubilee Bus Station
Dilsukhnagar
Charminar
Koti
Falaknuma
Uppal
Rethifile
(Raidurg)
3
Cyber Gateway
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide48
Financial Plan
Project Cost - Rail System
Rs in
Crore
Metro Rail
EPC
10674
IDC
1942
Other Costs
1516
Total
14132
Real Estate-TOD 1
EPC
1721
IDC
279
Other Costs
243
Total
2243
Total Project Cost for FC
16375
Means of Finance
Metro Rail
Equity
2768
Debt
9906
Grant (Equity Support)
1458
Total
14132
Real Estate-TOD 1 (6 m
sft
)
Equity
671
Debt
1572
Total
2243
No. of Participating banks
10 nos.
Tenure
15 Years
Interest Rates
225 basis points over the Base rate of SBI
Rs in
Crore
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide49
Lenders’ Engineer
Consultants for Carbon Credits
Independent Engineer : Louis Berger, USA
Safety Consultant :
Eptisa, Spain
Programme Manager
Concessionaire’s Engineer(CE)
Independent Safety and RAM Assessor
Lenders Insurance Consultant-Marsh India Pvt. Ltd.
Operation & Maintenance Contractor
The
Team
Concessionaire : L&TMRHL
Authority : Hyderabad Metro Rail Limited (GoTS)
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide50
Financial issues
Repayment Loan – 15 years; including 6 years
of moratoriumBreak even point – 5th year from the date of
CODComposition
of revenue – Fare box
revenue - 50%Non fare box revenue- 45%
Advertisement- 5%
Land Details
-
Total
269 Acres
Pvt.
204 Acres
Govt
65 Acres
Handed over
269 Acres
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide51
Row of piers
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide52
Erection of Segments
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide53
Laying
OHE
masts & traction lines on viaduct Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide54
Signalling & Communication system
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide55
Completed view of viaduct at Metro station
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide56
Station Design
Roof
Platform Level
Concourse Level
Street Level
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide57
Miyapur
Depot - Completed Workshop as on 22.04.2015
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide58
HMR's elevated viaduct – With two trains
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide59
HMR station – Completed view
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide60
HMR Uppal depot - Command Control Center
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide61
HMR station - Street furniture & facilities
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide62
HMR station - Landscaping & plantations
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide63
HMR's Metro train-On trial run at night
Source: Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR)Slide64
Innovative procurement in Urban Transit Kochi Metro
Automatic Fare Collection system costs approx $ 80 million (Rs 500 crore)
Innovative procurment by Kochi Metro Rail Ltd (KMRL) through private investment Axis Bank to procure, install, operate and maintain the AFC system for KMRL for 10 years and would also pay premium of $ 32 million (Rs 208 crore) over 10 years. Business model of Axis Bank - issue co-branded pre-paid smart cards to users of Kochi Metro for paying fares as well as using them for all kinds of merchandise including e-commerce. Axis Bank would also share with KMRL a portion of the revenue accruing from the utilisation of co-branded cards outside KMRL system. More such potential revenue generating opportunities with targeted advertising in MRTS Slide65
Thank You