Mathilde Xiao and Liam Kennedy http wwwyoutubecomwatchv 3Q5x0znIFnI Structure of the Artery Arteries Fairly narrow lumen blood at higher pressure No valves apart from the semi lunar valves ID: 635152
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Slide1
6.2.5 Explain the relationship between the structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins
Mathilde
Xiao and Liam KennedySlide2
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v
=3Q5x0znIFnISlide3
Structure of the Artery
Arteries
•
Fairly
narrow lumen
(blood at higher pressure) No valves apart from the semi lunar valves. Thick tunica media, with muscle and elastin fibres • Thick outer layer of collagen (withstand high pressure) Slide4
Functions of the Arteries
Withstand
high blood pressures without the artery wall bulging outwards (aneurysm) or bursting (
haemorrhage
)
Accommodate large volumes of blood pumped out by the ventricles of the heart and then pump it on to capillary networksSlide5
Structure of the Vein
Veins
•
Larger lumen than the arteries
(blood
travels at lower pressure)• Thin outer layer (pressure low & allows nearby muscles to push blood) • Thin circular layer (blood not in pulses)• Have valves (prevents blood pooling at lower
extremities as well as backflow) Slide6
Functions of the Veins
Transport of blood, without leaks, from capillary networks to the atria of the heart
Prevention of backflow when blood pressure or flow rate is low
Flexibility to be squeezed by adjacent muscles to help pump bloodSlide7
Structure of the Capillary
Capillaries
• Wall is fenestrated and one cell thick
(
allows for
diffusion)• Very narrow lumen (single file blood cells increase exchange of materials) Slide8
Functions of the Capillaries
Transport blood as close as possible to all living cells of the body
Allow the substances that blood is transporting to enter and leave rapidly
Allow part of the blood plasma to leak out into tissues but not proteins or blood cellsSlide9
Blood Vessel Disease
Blood vessel diseases are caused by the narrowing down or constriction of blood vessels
This constriction is composed of plaque built from fat over long periods of time
Diet, gender, age and genetics can be factors that cause blood vessel diseasesSlide10
Different types of blood vessel diseases:
-Coronary Artery Disease
-
Aneurysm
-Peripheral Arterial Disease
-Hypertension Slide11
Symptoms
Muscle cramps/ache
Cold hands and feet
Pale skin
Hair loss on the toes, feet and legs
Sores that take too long to heal Sores when scabbed over appear black Slight or no pulse in the feet or legs Skin and nails appear reddish-blue in color