PPT-Control of Gene Expression

Chapter 16 Genes and Development Proteins can determine the DNA sequence by binding the major groove of DNA Proteins binding the minor groove cannot determine the exact sequence of bases Prokaryotic gene regulation. Inducible gene expression. kinetics of . β-galactosidase. enzyme induction. Add inducer. start transcription = mRNA accumulation. mRNA translation = protein accumulation. Remove inducer. Stop. transcription (. of gene expression. . References:. . Stryer. : “Biochemistry”, 5. th. Ed.. Hames. & Hooper: “Instant Notes in Biochemistry”, 2. nd. Ed.. 1. Basic principles of gene control. What is gene expression?. What does the operon model attempt to explain?. the coordinated control of gene expression . in bacteria. bacterial resistance to antibiotics. how genes move between homologous regions of DNA. the mechanism of viral attachment to a host cell. Teachable Unit. Gene Expression Team. NANSI 2013, University of Minnesota. Participants: Michael Burns, Lucy He, David Kirkpatrick, Bridget Lear, Tamar Resnick, Turk Rhen. Facilitators: Judy Ridgway, Sue Wick. Chapter 13. Prokaryotic . REgulation. 13.1 . Prokaryotic Regulation. Bacterium don. ’. t always need to express all enzymes and proteins. . Think about the cool lights in the cooler section at a grocery store. They only turn on when you open the door or walk by. . Anablep. . anablep. . with its “4 eyes”. Upper half of lids look aerially while the lower half looks into the water.. Cells of the two parts of the eye exhibit differential gene expression. Individual bacteria respond to environmental change by regulating their gene expression. How do we regulate the expression of our genes? . Involved in gene expression. DNA regulatory sequences. Regulatory genes. Small regulatory proteins (. RNAs. ). Regulatory sequences. Stretches of DNA that interact with regulatory proteins to control transcription.. TUMOR SUPRESSOR PROTEINS. ATP. ENZYMES THAT CONTROL CELLULAR RESPIRATION. ADAPTIVE GENE PRODUCTS ARE ONLY REQUIRED UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS. GENES FOR PROTEIN DIGESTION ARE TURNED OFF WHEN THERE IS NO PROTEIN AVAILABLE. . 10.1 Between You and Eternity. Cancer is a multistep process in which cells grow and divide abnormally, disrupting physical and metabolic functions. More . than 200,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in the US each year – about 5,700 in women and men . Gene Expression. Gene Expression. Transcription. Splicing. Polyadenylation. mRNA Stability. Translation. Protein Stability. Controls on Protein Levels. Transcription Control - Prokaryotic Promoter. Transcription Control - Prokaryotic Promoter. . 1. The . trp. Operon. Contains 5 genes coding for proteins (enzymes) required for the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan. Also contains a promoter and operator.. When tryptophan levels in the cell are low, the expression of the . Controlling gene expression is often accomplished by controlling transcription initiation.. Regulatory proteins . bind to DNA to either block or stimulate transcription, depending on how they interact with RNA polymerase.. Regulating . PROKARYOTIC. Gene Expression. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes . alter their patterns of gene expression . in . response to changes in environmental conditions. .. During development, gene expression must be carefully regulated to ensure that the right genes are expressed only at the correct time and in the correct place..  which is designed to allow . expression.  (. transcription.  and . translation. ) of the inserted section of . DNA. . The . vector.  carries a . promoter.  (normally inducible) on one side of the .