Beginnings of Civilization Big Question What more than anything shaped the lives of early humans Important Words Prehistory Hominid Anthropologist Paleontologist Archaeologist Artifact ID: 543319
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Slide1
Early Man & the
Beginnings of CivilizationSlide2
Big Question: What more than anything shaped the lives of early humans???Slide3
Important Words
Prehistory:
Hominid:
Anthropologist:Paleontologist:Archaeologist:Artifact: Carbon Dating: Culture:Technology:
BUT...Slide4
Hominids
Australopithecus:
Homo
Habilis:Homo Erectus:Homo Sapiens/NeanderthalHomo Sapiens/Sapiens-
CroMagnonSlide5
Australopithecus
Afarensis
Time Period and Location
4 million to 1 million BCEPrimarily found in East AfricaSlide6
Australopithecus
Afarensis
Appearance
Brain 1/3 size of modern humans Long arms, but humanlike legs. Walked uprightCapabilities and SkillsBipedal: walked on two feetSmall social groupsNomadic: travelled from place to place in search of foodSlide7
LUCY
When:
Where:
What:Who discovered her?http://science.discovery.com/videos/100-greatest-discoveries-shorts-lucy.html Slide8
Australopithecus
afarensis
Pictures from the museum in Ethiopia January 2011Slide9
Homo
Habilis
"Handy Man"Slide10
Homo
habilis
Also known as “Handy Man”Time Period and Location
2.5-1.5 million BCEAfricaFossil DiscoveriesVarious pieces found around Africa from 1959 on1987: partial skeleton discovered by JohansonSlide11
Homo
Habilis
Appearance
Face like AA, but larger brainApelike armsCapabilities and SkillsScavenger: gathered plants and ate meatFirst to use stone toolsCut meat and crack bonesSlide12
Homo Erectus
"Upright Man"Slide13
Homo erectus
Time Period and Location
1.6 million-30,000 BCE
Asia, Africa, EuropeFossil DiscoveriesVarious discoveries in Asia and Africa throughout 20th centurySlide14
Homo erectus
Also known as “Upright Man”
Appearance
Large brainFully upright stanceCapabilities and SkillsDeveloped new ways of using toolsDigging, scrapingFirst group to control/use FIREFirst thought to create spoken/oral languageSlide15
Homo sapiens
neanderthalensis
(Neanderthals)
Time Period and Location100,000 to 400,000 yrs agoEurope, western Asia and the Near EastFossil DiscoveriesFirst hominid skeletons found extensively in Europe (Germany, France)Slide16
Homo sapiens
neanderthalensis
(Neanderthals)
AppearanceBrain larger than modern humansStocky and short-limbedCapabilities and skillsHunters and gatherersSophisticated tools (stone knives, spears)Fire for protection and cookingBurials for the deadNomadicSlide17
Homo sapiens
sapiens
(Cro-Magnons)
Time Period and Location100,000 yrs ago to the presentOver time—all around the worldFossil Discoveries1860s: First discovered in FranceFirst early modern humanSlide18
Homo sapiens
sapiens
(Cro-Magnons)
AppearanceLarge brainRelatively slender bonesSkillsHunters and gatherersMen: meat Women: berriesAdvanced tools using bone, antler, and ivyNomadicCave paintingsSlide19
http://www.lascaux.culture.fr/#/en/02_02.xml
Slide20
Stone Age & Ice Ages
Stone Age: 3
Parts
(but we will only learn 2)
Paleolithic:Neolithic:
Ice Ages
When:
Effects:
Human
Responses:Slide21
Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)
--begins with the start of Early Man
People were nomadic
Invention of the first tools Learned how to make fire Lived in clans Developed oral language Created “cave art”Slide22
And then something happened…
What major advancement by man led to the advancement of civilization?
Settled agriculture
How did it happen?Warmer climates led to more crop growthWhy did it help man? Agriculture led to permanent settlements Slide23
Neolithic Age (New Stone Age)
Definition:
Began
about 10,000 years ago (8,000 BCE)Developed agricultureDomesticated animalsUsed advanced toolsMade potteryDeveloped weaving skillsÇatalhöyük: Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in Anatolia (modern Turkey)Slide24
Social Consequences of Agriculture
CHANGE
Social Consequence
People lived in one place and no longer carried all possessions
Farmers could grow more food than they needed
Land and water became valuable economic resources
Male warriors competed for land, water, and power.Slide25
Jericho and Catal Huyuk
First…
Jericho began around…
Catal Huyuk began around…Slide26
Technological Advances
Plow
Fertilizer
LoomWheelBaked clay bricksCalendarsSlide27
Civilization
Definition:
6 Characteristics
CitiesGovernments
ReligionFamily
Economy
Education