GRAMMAR GREMLINS AND MORE Dr. Santo “Joe” Aurelio - PowerPoint Presentation

GRAMMAR GREMLINS AND MORE Dr. Santo “Joe” AurelioSeptember 15, 2018

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 2 LIE/LAY LIE -- v. to recline (3 forms: lie, lay, lain) (present, past, [has, have. had] participle) LAY – v. to set or put down; to produce eggs (3 forms: lay, laid, laid) (present, past, [has, have, had] participle)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 3 AFFECT/EFFECT AFFECT -- v. to influence, to sway AFFECT -- n. emotional status or condition EFFECT -- v. to bring about, to accomplish EFFECT -- n. result or outcome

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 4 PRINCIPAL/PRINCIPLE PRINCIPAL – main; chief; money; school official PRINCIP LE – ru le ; law; assumption ( Always spell it principal unless you mean a ru le .)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 5 HANGED/HUNG H A NGED – refers to hum a ns or a nimate objects (The killer was hanged.) H U NG – refers to inanimate objects (as, pict u res) (The large banner was hung last week.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 6 MANTEL/MANTLE MANT EL – a sh el f (as, over a fireplace) MANTLE – a cloak (N.B. – ALL meanings [other than shelf] should be spelled MANTLE.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 7 LOATH/LOATHE LOATH – adj. disinclined; unwilling (He was loath to swim during the winter.) LOATHE – v. to hate; to dislike (I loathe all temperatures above 95.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 8 EMIGRANT/IMMIGRANT EMIGRANT – one who leaves a country IMMIGRANT – one who goes to a country ( e migrate/ i mmigrate: same as above.) (one e migrates f rom and i mmigrates t o.) (Think of alphabet, E F.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 9 CONFIDANT/CONFIDANTE CONFIDANT – a male privy to one’s trust CONFIDANTE – a female privy to one’s trust

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 10 FOREGO/FORGO FORE GO – to go be fore (Bands usually forego marching soldiers.) FORGO – to abstain from; to renounce (Rich people often forgo modest salaries.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 11 PREMIER/PREMIERE PREMIER – a person (as, British Premier); the best of something (as, the wine was premier) PREMIERE – an opening; the first time (She attended the premiere of the latest movie.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 12 REGIME/REGIMEN REGIME – form of government REGIMEN -systematic plan (as, diet regimen) (N.B. – Some dictionaries use these words interchangeably.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 13 COMPLEMENT/COMPLIMENT COMPL E MENT – n. that which compl e tes; a group (A fine wine complemented my meal.) COMPL I MENT – (verb and noun) pra i se (She was complimented on her gown.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 14 THEREFOR/THEREFORE THERE FOR – for that (The new dress you bought, how much did you pay therefor?) THEREFORE -- so; consequently. (I was tired. Therefore, I went right home.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 15 LEAD/LED LEAD – (pronounced as in “red”) n. metal; adj. graphite (Lead pipes are dangerous.) LED – (verb, past tense of infinitive “to lead”) (She led the parade.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 16 EVERY DAY/EVERYDAY EVERY DAY – two words (I eat every day.) EVERYDAY – adj. one word (My everyday habit is to go swimming.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 17 MEET/METE MEET – v. to see (someone); n. an event (as, a track meet); adj. appropriate, proper MET E – v. distribut e or giv e out; n. boundary (usu. used in the plural form; as, The metes and bounds of his land are recorded.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 18 STATIONARY/STATIONERY STATION A RY – immov a ble (That heavy cabinet is truly stationary.) STATION E RY – pap e r; pap e r products (as,l e tt e rs) (She bought fancy stationery for the invitations.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 19 ALL READY/ALREADY ALL READY – (2 words) all prepared (I’m all ready for today’s lecture.) ALREADY – previously (She already passed her math exam.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 20 IMPLY/INFER IMPLY – to express indirectly; to suggest (you imply to others) INFER – to conclude; to surmise; to deduce (you infer in your head)

so called/so-called

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 22 PORE/POUR PORE – v. to read intently; n. a skin opening (The scholar pored over his books.) PO U R – v. to cause to flow (as, liq u id or fl u id) (He poured the milk into the glass.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 23 ALL TOGETHER/ALTOGETHER ALL TOGETHER – (2 words) in a group (The runners were all together at the start.) ALTOGETHER – completely, totally (The survivors were altogether exhausted.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 24 capital/capitol/Capitol capital – money, main city, excellent, chief, etc. capit o l – building where legislative body meets (d o me) Capit o l – building where U.S. Congress meets

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 25 BESIDE/BESIDES BESIDE – next to; near (I live beside him.) BESIDES – in addition to; moreover (I’m too tired to go with you. Besides, I have to go home.)

Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 26 DISCREET/DISCRETE DISCREET – prudent, in a quiet or confidential manner DISCRET E – separat e (used as adj.); distinct (as, discrete mathematics or plans of action)

14 MOST-COMMON ERRORS it’s (it is)Its (possessive pronoun) you’re (you are) your (possessive pronoun)

5. than (comparison) 6. then (time)7. they’re (they are) 8. their (possessive pronoun) 9. there (direction)

10. to (direction; part of infinitive) 11. too (also; excessive) two (number) passed (past tense of v. “pass”), went, died past (pert. to former time; by)

. Gremlins -- Aurelio (c) 30 I hope you enjoyed and learned from this explanation of some difficult gremlin pairs. I wrote an English-grammar and reference book that I think will be very helpful to you. It contains 428 pages which cover 1,100 homonyms (as, principal/principle), a layperson’s legal dictionary, 1,109 medical words, punctuation rules, and a great amount of other important information. You can order it at an attractive price from NCRA or Amazon. Thank you -- and Good Luck.