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Noise effects on communication in song birds Noise effects on communication in song birds

Noise effects on communication in song birds - PowerPoint Presentation

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Noise effects on communication in song birds - PPT Presentation

Marc Naguib Behavioural Ecology Group Wageningen University The Netherlands marcnaguibwurnl Effects of noise depend on Signal structure Signal function Spatial characteristics Noise characteristics ID: 236437

naguib noise distance disturb noise naguib disturb distance effects birds communication behav frequency anim habitats 2013 mask personality signal masking characteristics calls

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Slide1

Noise effects on communication in song birds

Marc NaguibBehavioural Ecology GroupWageningen UniversityThe Netherlandsmarc.naguib@wur.nlSlide2

Effects of noise depend onSignal structureSignal functionSpatial characteristics

Noise characteristicsIndividual traitsSlide3

Environmental constraints on communication

Sound transmission characteristics

Environmental

noiseSlide4

Birds in denser habitats

use lower frequencies than birds in open habitats

Birds in dense habitats use slower trills

than

birds in open habitats.

(Morton 1975,

Sorjonen

1986, Wiley 1991)

The main adaptations of

birdsong to long range communicationSlide5

Grasshopper warbler

Yellow hammer

Chaffinch

Wren

Chaffinch 90 ms

Wren 70 ms

Grasshopper warbler 10 ms

Yellow hammer 10 ms

Song

element

repetition

rates

Open habitats

Woods

(also see Wiley 1991, Naguib 2003)Slide6

Sound degradation as distance cues

Naguib 1995, 1996, 1997Distance cues

Reverberation

High frequency content

Relative amplitude

Carolina wrenSlide7

higher frequency

lower frequency

Narrow bandwidth

(after Naguib and Wiley, Anim Behav 2001)

distance

Amplitude

higher frequency

2

Broad bandwidth

lower frequency

distance

Amplitude

1: JND for excess attenuation

1

2: JND for distance difference

2

1

Signal

structure

and

communication

distance

(after Brumm and Naguib, Adv. Study Behav 2009

)Slide8

Noise constrains detection of:

information coded in signal distance related changes

Effects on time budgets and spacingSlide9

Urban

birds change their tune

City birds sing at higher

frequencies than

rural

birds

Nightingales

sing louder

with

increasing noise levels

Slabbekoorn and Peet, Nature 2003

Brumm

and

Todt

2002Slide10

From Naguib 2013

Indirect effects of noise on

communicationSlide11

Gene regulation

Heart rateImmune responseBlood pressure

Fearfulness

Attention

Learning

Habitat choice

Spatial

behaviour

Indirect effects of noise on

communicationSlide12

Do negative effects of noise result

from masking or from disturbance?Slide13

3. Control: empty box with no playback

2. Disturb only

time

frequency

1. Disturb and mask

Do negative effects of noise result

from

masking or from

disturbance?Slide14

Noise characteristics or animal characteristics (personality)

(a)

(b)

(c)

Personality test

(novel environment)

Field population of great tits

(

Parus

major

)

Noise playbacks during

parental care periodSlide15

Noise

Silence

2h playback of 60 randomly timed 1 min noise bouts Slide16

Playback periodBefore

AfterDuringBegging activity (min with calls)

Control

Disturb only

Disturb and mask

(

Naguib

et al 2013,

Anim

Behav

)Slide17

absentpresent

ParentControlDisturb onlyMask-and-disturb

Begging activity

(minutes with begging calls)

Chicks beg more

when parents visit

Kind of noise does not matter except when parents are absent

Chicks beg less

during noise

(

Naguib

et al 2013,

Anim

Behav

)Slide18

Parent(Naguib

et al 2013, Anim Behav)Disturb onlyDisturb and maskExploration score

Latency to first visit in noiseSlide19

0

20 40 60 Exploration scoreslowfast

Relative number of visits in noise

0.2

0.4

0.6

0

Females

Males

Sexes respond in opposite ways to noise,

depending

on

personality

(Naguib

et al 2013,

Anim

Behav

)Slide20

Conclusion

Signals evolved to

reduce degradation

Signal degradation

as distance cues

Noise can affect communication also indirectly, without masking a signal

Response to noise can be

personality-dependent

Thanks to:

Joe

Waas

, Waikato University, New Zealand

Kees

van

O

ers

, Netherlands Institute

o

f Ecology

The Royal Dutch Academy for Arts and SciencesSlide21

Disturb onlyDisturb and mask

Male vocalizations

Songs in noise

Calls in noise

Song switches in noise

Do negative effects of noise result

from

masking or from

disturbance?