Marc Naguib Behavioural Ecology Group Wageningen University The Netherlands marcnaguibwurnl Effects of noise depend on Signal structure Signal function Spatial characteristics Noise characteristics ID: 236437
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Slide1
Noise effects on communication in song birds
Marc NaguibBehavioural Ecology GroupWageningen UniversityThe Netherlandsmarc.naguib@wur.nlSlide2
Effects of noise depend onSignal structureSignal functionSpatial characteristics
Noise characteristicsIndividual traitsSlide3
Environmental constraints on communication
Sound transmission characteristics
Environmental
noiseSlide4
Birds in denser habitats
use lower frequencies than birds in open habitats
Birds in dense habitats use slower trills
than
birds in open habitats.
(Morton 1975,
Sorjonen
1986, Wiley 1991)
The main adaptations of
birdsong to long range communicationSlide5
Grasshopper warbler
Yellow hammer
Chaffinch
Wren
Chaffinch 90 ms
Wren 70 ms
Grasshopper warbler 10 ms
Yellow hammer 10 ms
Song
element
repetition
rates
Open habitats
Woods
(also see Wiley 1991, Naguib 2003)Slide6
Sound degradation as distance cues
Naguib 1995, 1996, 1997Distance cues
Reverberation
High frequency content
Relative amplitude
Carolina wrenSlide7
higher frequency
lower frequency
Narrow bandwidth
(after Naguib and Wiley, Anim Behav 2001)
distance
Amplitude
higher frequency
2
Broad bandwidth
lower frequency
distance
Amplitude
1: JND for excess attenuation
1
2: JND for distance difference
2
1
Signal
structure
and
communication
distance
(after Brumm and Naguib, Adv. Study Behav 2009
)Slide8
Noise constrains detection of:
information coded in signal distance related changes
Effects on time budgets and spacingSlide9
Urban
birds change their tune
City birds sing at higher
frequencies than
rural
birds
Nightingales
sing louder
with
increasing noise levels
Slabbekoorn and Peet, Nature 2003
Brumm
and
Todt
2002Slide10
From Naguib 2013
Indirect effects of noise on
communicationSlide11
Gene regulation
Heart rateImmune responseBlood pressure
Fearfulness
Attention
Learning
Habitat choice
Spatial
behaviour
Indirect effects of noise on
communicationSlide12
Do negative effects of noise result
from masking or from disturbance?Slide13
3. Control: empty box with no playback
2. Disturb only
time
frequency
1. Disturb and mask
Do negative effects of noise result
from
masking or from
disturbance?Slide14
Noise characteristics or animal characteristics (personality)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Personality test
(novel environment)
Field population of great tits
(
Parus
major
)
Noise playbacks during
parental care periodSlide15
Noise
Silence
2h playback of 60 randomly timed 1 min noise bouts Slide16
Playback periodBefore
AfterDuringBegging activity (min with calls)
Control
Disturb only
Disturb and mask
(
Naguib
et al 2013,
Anim
Behav
)Slide17
absentpresent
ParentControlDisturb onlyMask-and-disturb
Begging activity
(minutes with begging calls)
Chicks beg more
when parents visit
Kind of noise does not matter except when parents are absent
Chicks beg less
during noise
(
Naguib
et al 2013,
Anim
Behav
)Slide18
Parent(Naguib
et al 2013, Anim Behav)Disturb onlyDisturb and maskExploration score
Latency to first visit in noiseSlide19
0
20 40 60 Exploration scoreslowfast
Relative number of visits in noise
0.2
0.4
0.6
0
Females
Males
Sexes respond in opposite ways to noise,
depending
on
personality
(Naguib
et al 2013,
Anim
Behav
)Slide20
Conclusion
Signals evolved to
reduce degradation
Signal degradation
as distance cues
Noise can affect communication also indirectly, without masking a signal
Response to noise can be
personality-dependent
Thanks to:
Joe
Waas
, Waikato University, New Zealand
Kees
van
O
ers
, Netherlands Institute
o
f Ecology
The Royal Dutch Academy for Arts and SciencesSlide21
Disturb onlyDisturb and mask
Male vocalizations
Songs in noise
Calls in noise
Song switches in noise
Do negative effects of noise result
from
masking or from
disturbance?