What is Terrorism In your opinion what is the definition of terrorism Who are the people that commit terrorist acts List as many terrorist acts as you can In your opinion what are the goals objectives hopes of terrorists ID: 622016
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Slide1
World Issues 120Slide2
What is Terrorism?
In your opinion, what is the definition of terrorism?
Who are the people that commit terrorist acts?
List as many terrorist acts as you can.
In your opinion, what are the goals (objectives, hopes) of terrorists?
How effective do you think terrorists are in achieving their objectives?
What should be done to counter terrorism
?Slide3
Trouble with the definition?
It is difficult to define because so much depends on your point of view
.
“One man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter
.”Slide4
Definition
“criminal acts that affect people beyond the original victim. The acts are planned to obtain great publicity, choosing targets that symbolize what they oppose.”
The effectiveness of a terror act lies not in the act itself,
but in the reaction of the public and/or the government.Slide5
Acts of Terror are:
criminal acts that influence an audience beyond the immediate victim.
Are usually on civilian targets.
premeditated
Intended to
create fear
and disorder
Done to draw the attention of the local populace, the government, and the world to their cause.
Planned to obtain the greatest publicity
Often on targets that symbolize what the terrorists oppose.Slide6
Where do terror attacks occur?Slide7
Causes of Terrorism
Why do people commit acts of terror?
Geopolitical disputes
Economic systems that promote big corporations over the needs of people
Nationalism
Religious/cultural conflictsSlide8
The Goal of Terrorism
The goal of the terrorist is to create
chaos and disorder –
it is out of the disorder that he hopes to instill fear, discredit governments, demoralize societies or alter national policies. Slide9
Types of Terrorism
Domestic
Nationalist
State-sponsored
Cyber-terrorismSlide10
Who are they?
Anyone
Educated/uneducated
Religious/non-religious
Rich/Poor
Often feel desperate
Feel that their cause is more important than laws and life
Many see themselves as freedom fightersSlide11Slide12
Domestic Terrorism
Carried out against people/groups within a terrorist’s own country.
The terrorist expects people to change and/or leave the area.
Ex: Ku Klux Klan
Oklahoma City BombingSlide13
Oklahoma City Bombing
A domestic terrorist attack against the US government
1995 – a federal building in Oklahoma City was bombed
The bomb consisted of a rental truck filled with 5000 pounds of fertilizer & diesel fuel.
The truck was parked in front of the building and tore of the entire face of it when it exploded.Slide14
Oklahoma City Bombing
168 dead (19 children) and over 800 injured.
Until 9/11, it was the deadliest attack on US soil.Slide15
Why?
Timothy McVeigh planned and carried out the attack.
He was upset about the way the government handled the Waco incident, and he hated the government in general.Slide16
McVeigh
McVeigh was sentenced to death and executed by lethal injection in 2001.
He stated that his only regret was not completely levelling the building.Slide17
Nationalist Terrorism
Carried out when groups fight governments for control of their homeland.
They see the government as a foreign occupier that needs to be driven out for the good of the people.
Ex: the IRA in IrelandSlide18
Cyber-Terrorism
Carried out when threats and attacks are made on computers, networks, and the information stored in them.Slide19
Cyber-Terrorism
The aim is to steal secrets, disrupt banking and businesses, and make business dealings more difficult due to increased security measures.Slide20
State-Sponsored Terrorism
As the name implies, it is terrorism against a nation that is supported by the government of another nation.
This support may take the form of monetary support, weapons supply, training, and/or specific instruction.Slide21
Common Tactics of Terrorists
Agro-terrorism
Aircraft hijacking
Bioterrorism
Car bombing
Dirty bomb
Cyber terrorism
Hostage-taking
Improvised explosive device
Insurgency
Kidnapping
Letter bomb
Piracy
Propaganda
School shooting
Suicide attack
Rockets and mortarsSlide22
Protection vs.
Privacy
In response to terrorist threats, many Western countries have increased security in certain areas.
Increased use of passports, airport security, arrest procedures, gathering of information, etc. Have all changed.
This has led to great debates over the rights of the individual vs. the rights of the state.Slide23
Terrorist Success
Can you think of changes that have happened in the world and in the lives of ordinary people due to terrorist attacks?Slide24
Reactions to Terrorism
Statements condemning their actions
International cooperation to prevent terrorist acts and punish terrorists
Political or economic sanctions against the region of their home base and/or the nations supporting them
Criminal prosecution
Military action against the terrorists and their supportersSlide25
Counterterrorism
(counter-terrorism
)
is
the practices, tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, militaries, police departments and corporations adopt in response to terrorist threats and/or
acts.Slide26
The U.S. Counterterrorism Strategies
Heightened Security
– bomb-sniffing dogs, more police, public awareness, airport security, video cameras…
Intelligence Gathering
– Cooperating with other agencies at home and world-wide to compile information on known or suspected terrorists ex. wire taps, surveillance
Border Control
– security at all entries and exits, No Fly listsSlide27
International Financial Cooperation
-
f
ollowing the trail of money used to finance terrorist activities
Drone Missile Strikes
- maintaining military presence without full-scale commitmentSlide28
Extraordinary Renditions
– Secret abductions of suspected terrorists, imprisoning them in a third country, and interrogating them often through torture.
Taken to « Dark Sites » - secret prisons
(
Technically this is not supposed to be happening.)
Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
U.S. owned and operated prison facility used to house and interrogate suspected terrorists
use of torture, such as waterboarding has been allowed
Rights to council and habeas corpus are suspended
http://www.amnesty.org/en
(Illegal detainees and torture)Slide29
Raids
– on known terrorist bases and training camps (U.S. will first support local gov’ts to carry these out.)
Development Aid
– Providing economic opportunity to reduce the appeal of joining a terrorist organizationSlide30
What about Canada?
Bill C-51 ~ Anti-terrorism
Act, 2015
“
An Act to enact the Security of Canada Information Sharing Act and the Secure Air Travel Act, to amend the Criminal Code, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act and to make related and consequential amendments to other
Acts”
“Through this legislation, our Government is taking action to prevent terrorist travel, thwart efforts to use Canada as a recruiting ground, and prevent planned attacks on our soil.”
Received
Royal assent on June 18,
2015 which means it’s now law.
Rick’s Rant:
https
://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=kV17axjd9z0Slide31
Stopping the promotion of terrorism
Adds a tool for law enforcement to counter radicalization.
Allows for the removal of terrorist propaganda from websites located in Canada.
Improves witness protectionSlide32
Preventing terrorists from recruiting others
Allowing the government to quickly identify those with terrorist links and intentions.
Also stops them from travelling by air for terrorism purposes.Slide33
Disrupting terrorist plots and preventing planned attacks
Makes it easier for police to detain suspected terrorists before they can cause harm.
Prevents non-citizens who pose a threat from entering and remaining in Canada.
Gives the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) the ability to intervene against specific plots
.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjWguJtGZII&nohtml5=False
Slide34
At Issue with Peter Mansbridge:
https
://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=awTUohBboF0
Rex Murphy:
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHz6XWjkDQA
This Hour has 22 minutes:
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnG2qFkwK8ESlide35
Research one of the following terrorist organizations.Slide36
Shining Path (
Sendero
Luminoso
)
Irish Republican Army (IRA)
Falun Gong
Basque Fatherland and Liberty
Kurds (Kurdish Workers Party--PKK)
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
Hezbollah
Sikh Separatists
Tamil Tigers (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam--LTTE)
Zapatista National Liberation Army (
Ejercito
Zapatista de
Liberacion
Nacional--EZLN)
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (
Fuerzas
Armadas
Rvolucionarias
de Colombia-- FARC)
Abu Sayyaf
Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement)
Al Qaeda
Islamic State of Iraq (and Syria/the Levant) – ISIS/ISILSlide37
Some Things to Look For…
Size
Leadership
Membership composition (rural, urban, male, female, young, old...)
Organizational structure (cells or cadres, contained within one nation or global, a self-appointed?
Ideological background (Maoist, Marxist, other revolutionary movements, writings of founder/leader...)
Targets (governments, urban vs. rural, rich vs. poor, foreigners...)
Methods (hostages, bombings, assassinations...)
Immediate goals (publicity, create a bargaining situation, provoke the government into counter-terrorism, punish a guilty party, acquire land...)
Support (sympathy for the group from political parties, churches, or others, any political support, assistance from other nations, other terrorist groups, or international organizations...)
Results (accomplishment of goals, government repression, condemnation by other nations and/or international organizations, diminished influence or increased acceptance...)Slide38Slide39