1 GROUP MEMBERS Ahsen Ali 11-IE-06 - PowerPoint Presentation

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GROUP MEMBERS

Ahsen

Ali 11-IE-06

Mohsin

Tariq 11-IE-22Shahbaz Farid 11-IE-35 Slide3

Chapter#06

Layout Planning Models and Design AlgorithmsSlide4

Facility Layout

Facility layout is simply the way a facility is arranged in order to maximize processes that are not only efficient but effective towards the overall organizational goal.

It consists of two levels:

Block layout

Detailed layoutSlide5

Block Layout

Block layout shows the location, shape, and size of each planning department.

Block

layout is concerned primarily with macro flows in the facility.Slide6

Detailed Layout

Detailed layout shows the exact location of all the equipment, work benches and storage areas within each department.

Detailed

layout is concerned with micro flows in the facility.Slide7

Which layout comes first!

First, we must obtain the basic requirement of each department (such as space requirement, shape constraints, etc

) and then develop a set of alternative block layouts.

Once

the desirable block layout is identified, the analyst can then develop a detailed layout of each department.Slide8

Layout Procedures

Many procedures are available

Broadly classified:

Construction layout method

It involves developing a new layout “from scratch”Improvement layout methodGenerating layout alternatives by doing improvements in an existing layoutSlide9

Apple’s Plant Layout ProcedureSlide10

Apple’s Plant Layout ProcedureSlide11

Reed’s Plant Layout ProcedureSlide12

Reed’s Plant Layout Procedure

Most important

Prepare layout planning chart

Layout planning chart incorporates the following:

Flow process, including operations, transportation, storage and inspectionsStandard times for each operationsMachine selection and balance

Manpower selection and balanceMaterial handling requirementsSlide13

Layout Planning ChartSlide14

Systematic Layout Planning

A well known

procedural solution

approach for the layout problem is the Systematic Layout Planning (SLP), which is developed in the early 1970s by

MutherIt consists of four phases:

determining the location of the area where facilities will be laid outestablishing general overall layout

establishing detailed layout plans

installing the selected layoutSlide15
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Activity Relationship ChartSlide17

Relationship Diagram

Relationship diagram position the activities spatially.

Proximities are typically used to reflect the relationship between pair of activities

Relationship diagram are usually two-dimensionalSlide18

Relationship DiagramSlide19

Space Requirement Diagram

It involves the determination of the amount of space to be assigned to each activity

Once

the space assignments have been made, space templates are developed for each planning department, and space is “hung on the relationship diagram” to obtain the space relationship diagramSlide20

Space Requirement DiagramSlide21

Alternative Block LayoutSlide22

Algorithmic Approaches

It helps the analyst to develop and improve the layout.

It provides the objective criteria to facilitate the evaluation of various layout alternatives that emerge in the process. Slide23

Algorithm Classification

Layout algorithm can be classified on the type of input data.

Qualitative data (Relationship Chart)

Quantitative data (To and From Chart)

It can be classified w.r.t Objective Function.

Distance

based

objective

Adjacency

based

objectiveSlide24

Distance Based ObjectiveSlide25

Adjacency Based ObjectiveSlide26

Modeling Techniques for Algorithm

There are many method/techniques which are used in various layout Algorithms.

Here we will discuss only two:

Pairwise

Exchange MethodGraph Based MethodSlide27
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Department Shapes and Main Aisles

Attaining good department shapes is an important consideration in finalizing block layout

Irregular department shapes leads to irregular main aisles

For efficient material handling, safety and evacuation in emergencySlide35

Main aisle should connect all the departments in a facility with

Minimum travel

Minimum number of turns

Minimum jog

oversControlling department shapes is straight forward for rectangular departments obtained with BLOCPLAN and MIP

It is straight-forward

to define and measure shape of rectangle

It is ratio of longer side to its shorter sid

eSlide36

Non rectangular shapes those obtained with CRAFT and MULTIPLE

Shape measurement and control is not straight

forward for given

two alternatives but “similar shape” for the same department

One alternative may be regarded as acceptable while other regarded as poorSlide37

First measure obtained by dividing the area of the smallest enclosing rectangle (SER) by area of department

The second measure is obtained by dividing the longer side of SER by its shortest side

Third measure based on observation, given an object with fixed area the perimeter of the object generally increases as its shape become more irregularSlide38

Measure the shape of a department by dividing its perimeter by its area

It is difficult to predict reasonable value for it

Above ratio is normalized as follow

If ideal shape for a department is square, then ideal shape factor

S*=(P/A)*=4√A/A=4/√ASlide39

Normalized Shape Factor F is equal to

F=S/S*=P/A/4/√A=P/4√A

If a department is square shape then we obtain F=1.0

otherwise F>1.0

Reasonable shapes are obtained if

1≤F ≤1.4

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First measure Second measure

For figure

a,b,c,d

=1 a) = 425/16=1.5625 b) =1=1.5625 c) =1

=1.5625 d) =1

Third measure perimeter

a) =1.25 a) =20

b)=1.25 b) =20

c) 1.5 c) =24

d) 1.625 d) =26 Slide42

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