Chapter 7 Serial takes podcasting into the mainstream Podcasts f ind a way to tell complex long stories with audio Podcasts let listeners join in at any time during the series Smartphones make podcasts much easier to listen to ID: 724704
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Slide1
Audio:Music and Talk Across Media
Chapter 7Slide2
Serial takes podcasting into the mainstream
Podcasts f
ind
a way to tell complex, long stories with audio.
Podcasts let listeners join in at any time during the series.
Smartphones make podcasts much easier to listen to.
NPR provides audio programming in many formats.Slide3
Storing Sound
1877: Edison invents phonograph, records sound on foil cylinders.
1888: Emile Berliner develops gramophone, plays music on mass produced discs.
1953: Hi-Fi is combination of technologies to create better music reproduction.Slide4
Signals at a Distance
1844: Samuel Morse’
s telegraph allowed messages to be sent over wires.
1888: Theoretical work by Heinrich Hertz lays the groundwork for wireless telegraph.
1890s:
Guglielmo
Marconi develops wireless telegraph.
1905: Reginald Fessenden makes Christmas Eve broadcast with voices and music.Slide5
Radio Music Box Memo
Written in 1915 by American Marconi engineer David
Sarnoff
Suggested major uses for radio as mass communication tool including news, music, and
sports
More receivers than
transmittersSlide6
RCA Monopoly
Created to bring together patents, develop radio as
medium
Composed of General Electric, AT&T, Westinghouse, & United Fruit
Company
Why United Fruit Company?
Held many radio patents to communicate with ships carrying fruit
.
1920: KDKA in Pittsburgh launched as first commercial radio station.Slide7
Growth of Radio Networks
Sarnoff saw NBC as source of programming.
William Paley saw CBS as advertising medium.
ABC was splintered off from NBC.Slide8
Golden Age of Radio
Music
Drama
Little Orphan Annie, The Lone Ranger, The
Shadow
Soap operas
Guiding Light started on radio in 1937, moved to television in 1952, ran until 2009.Slide9
Golden Age of Radio
Amos
‘
n
’
Andy
Started in 1926, became most popular show on radio.
Story of two African American men; writers/actors were white.
Controversial, but popular with both black and white audiences; portrayed black middle class.Slide10
The BBC
British Broadcasting Company created as public service in the 1920s.
During World War II was international voice against Nazis, transmitting to global audiences on shortwave.
Current BBC reaches 95 percent of world
’
s population, uses
online
as well as FM, shortwave, and satellite
.Slide11
Radio’s New Look
HD tried to bring new life to broadcast radio, but few receivers; to date a commercial
failure.
Satellite Radio – XM and Sirius merge. Single service more
successful.
Mobile
streaming increasingly used in vehicles.Slide12
Online & Mobile Audio
Streaming audio – Can be connected to conventional radio stations/networks or online-only services (Pandora, Spotify, Apple Music).
Podcasting – Portable audio you can download to a device and take with you.
Podcasts bring
programing
from both the short head and the long tail.Slide13
Rock ‘n
’
Roll & Musical Integration
Race Records:
Rhythm & blues
Hillbilly music
Rock
‘
n
’
roll
1950s: Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry
Dewey Phillips attracted multi-racial audience for
Red, Hot & Blue
radio show.
1950s & 60s: Motown & girl
groups
Music helped to drive the civil rights movement.Slide14
British Invasion
A 'rougher edge' sound from British
bands
The Beatles
The Rolling Stones
The Who
Dusty
Springfield
Many othersSlide15
Role of Producers
What does a producer do?
Rise of concept
albums
Growing role of producer with
discoSlide16
Hip-Hop Culture
MCing
– Rapping over recorded music.
DJing
– Playing recorded music from multiple sources.
B-
boying
– Hip-hop dancing, often referred to as breakdancing.
Graffiti art – The visual images of the culture.
Hip-hop gives
voice to protest movements around the world.Slide17
Country Music
Grew out of folk, hillbilly, and
“
old timey
”
music
Songs often relay a story about people in suburban or rural
settings.
Revitalized in 1980 by movie
Urban
CowboySlide18
Girl Talk & Musical Mash-ups
Mash-up artists create new music by combining samples from multiple musical sources.
Typically these are not licensed and may be infringing on copyright.
Mash-ups often depend on long-tail distribution.Slide19
Finding a Niche: Popular Radio Formats
News/Talk 8.9%
Pop Contemporary Hit Radio 8.2%
Country 7.9%
Adult Contemporary 7.4%
Hot Adult Contemporary
6.7% Slide20
Radio Business: Talk Radio
Political talk radio
Most political talk is conservative; Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity most popular.
Shock Jocks
Howard Stern, Bubba the Love
Sponge
All-sports radio
Passionate listeners who won
’
t change
channelSlide21
Public Radio
NPR founded in 1967.
All Things Considered
goes on the air in 1971.
NPR
’
s
Morning Edition
news show has bigger audience than any of the morning TV programs.
NPR
’
s website is key part of network
’
s strategy.
Is no longer National Public Radio, just
NPRSlide22
Effects of Music on Young People
There h
ave
always been concerns about effects of lyrics on young
people.
Adults and young adults have different interpretations of lyrics and
meanings.
Hip-hop
has
attracted lots of controversy
.
Adults maintain connections with music from their youth.Slide23
The Changing Musical Experience
Death of social music, played and performed in home for
entertainment,
with the invention of phonograph and the rise radio
Rise of “personal soundtrack” with Sony Walkman, then iPod & other MP3
players
Can lead to “withdrawal from social
connections” Slide24
Rise of Digital Music
LPs versus 45s
With
analog recordings, quality of copies degrades with each
generation
Digital recordings allow consumers to make perfect copies.
CDs introduced in early 1980s, sold for premium
priceSlide25
Consequences of Digital Music
Consumers
“
share
”
music over the Internet,
possible violations of
copyright law.
A
rtists
can use Internet to promote music directly to consumers, bypassing record labels and moving to
“long
tail
.” Slide26
Radio Consolidation
Broadcast ownership largely deregulated with Telecommunications Act of 1996.
Prior to 1985, could own no more than 7 AM and 7 FM stations nation-wide.
After 1996, could own unlimited number of radio stations.
By 2003, Clear Channel owned 1,200+ stations. As of 2014,
renamed
iHeartMedia
, owned 862
stations.Slide27
Media Transformations: Radio without Radio
Audio shows no longer need radio stations to get widespread distribution
Podcasting gives both senders and receivers new opportunities for programming
What can we hear (see, watch) if we get away from legacy media?Slide28
New Economic Models for Music Industry
CD sales
declining
Pirating and illegal
file-sharing common
Artists seeking new ways to make
money
Touring, sale of merchandise, commercial endorsements, direct sales of music to consumers are all
options