Presentations text content in Cognitive Development Theory
Slide1
Cognitive Development Theory
Sophie, Samira, Emma, Gabriella, Kirsty, Fabiha
Slide2Kohlberg’s stages of gender development
Children understand the concepts of male and female in three stages, the children have to develop the concepts in a set order:1) Gender Identity (2-3): Child recognises that they’re male or female, but the knowledge is fragile. They don’t understand that boys grow into men and vice versa. 2) Gender Stability(3-7): The child realises people retain their gender over a lifetime, but rely on superficial signs to determine Gender, e.g. Hair length3) Gender Consistency (7-12): Child realises Gender is permanent, even if someone doesn’t conform to the stereotypical physical appearance (e.g. men with long hair). When they achieve Gender Consistency they value the behaviours and attitudes associated with their gender, and identify with adults who possess them.
The Theory
Slide3The theory says that children's thinking about gender determines when and how they show gender role behaviour (due to their cognition).
Once children acquire Gender Consistency they collect information about their gender role. For example, imitating role models of the same sex and following gender appropriate activities.
This is called
self-socialisation
as it doesn’t depend on other people such as parents, but what the child thinks themselves.
Slide4Martin and Little (1990)The 3-5 year olds studied had very little understanding of gender and yet still had strong gender stereotypes. They understood gender appropriate behaviour/ what girls and boys were “supposed” to do. This demonstrated that only basic gender understanding is needed to affect a child’s gender behaviour.
Research Evidence
Slide5Slaby
and Frey’s (1975)
Children were tested
to
determine
if they had achieved gender identity by
being
asked
if they are a boy or a girl. They were shown
a
picture
of a boy/girl and were told to choose which
one
t
hey
were. Gender stability involved questioning
them
on
if they have and will always be a boy/girl. 3 year
olds
didn't
understand any of the concepts, 4 year
olds
understood
gender identity and by 5 years old,
children understood
all three concepts. The study found
that children
do go through the three
stages
Kolberg
set.
Slide6Quiz
What are the three stages to Kohlberg’s theory of gender development?
What does the child recognise in the first stage of gender development?
Fill in the gaps for this sentence related to the first stage of gender development:
The
child may _______ realise that little boys grow into ______, and that little _________ grow up into women.
4. Give
an example of a superficial sign that children rely on in the second stage of their gender development, which they use to determine gender.
5. What
do children realise in the last stage of their gender development, even if the person’s physical appearance changes?
6. Who
do children identify with in the last stage of their gender development?
7. How
old are children in the last stage of their gender development?
8. Fill
in the gaps for this sentence related to gender development:
The theory says that children are _____________ ______________ in their own gender role _____________________ - this means that they’re thinking that their gender _______________ when and how they show gender ________ behaviour.
9. What
is it called when children have completed the three stages of gender development, and so they collect information about their gender role, imitate same sex models and follow gender appropriate activities?
Slide710. What age group did Martin and Little study?
11. What did Martin and Little find?
12. How did
Slaby
and Frey carry out their study?
13. What were the results of
Slaby
and Fry’s study
14. What did
Slaby
and Fry find out about 3, 4 and 5 years old?
Slide8Quiz answers
Gender identity
Gender stability
Gender consistency
2. That
they are male or female
3. The
child may
not
realise that little boys grow into
men
, and that little
girls
grow up into women
4. Hair
length
5. That
gender is permanent
6. Adults
who possess the behaviours and attitudes associated with their gender
7. 7-12
years old
8. The
theory says that children are
active agents
in their own gender role
socialisation
- this means that they’re thinking that gender
determines
when and how they show gender
role
behaviour
9. Self-socialisation
Slide910. 3-5 years old
11. They
found that they had very basic understanding of gender yet they had strong gender stereotypes about what girls and boys were supposed to
do and had basic gender understanding is needed to affect the child’s gender behaviour.
12. They carried
out
a
study by observing and questioning children
by showing
a picture of a girl and a boy and asking “which one are you?” (measures gender identity) and asking “when you grow up will you be a mummy or a daddy?”
to measure consistency.
13
. they found that children do go though the three staged in the set order that Kohlberg said.
3 years olds didn’t understand any of the concepts.
4 years olds understood gender identity.
By 5 children understood all three concepts.
Cognitive Development Theory
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