Emotion Unit 8 B Intro Belonging matters - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Emotion

Unit 8BSlide2

Intro

Belonging matters

Aristotle – we are “social animals”

John Donne – “No man is an island, entire of itself”Cast Away & WilsonWe seem to have a fear of being aloneOstracism – being kicked out or shunnedToday – maybe just not allowed in the group. If not allowed……depression leads to changes to try to get in the group……then to withdrawal where person pulls away“Brain pain” socially is like physical painPain says “Something’s wrong, do something!”Slide3

Three emotion theories

Question: which is first, your body’s reaction or the feeling of emotion?

1.

James-Lange theoryPhysical reaction, then feel emotion2. Cannon-Bard theoryIt’s simultaneous3. Singer-Schacter two-factor theoryPhysical reaction, then you label it, then feel emotionSlide4

Nervous system

ANS

–

autonomic nervous system – runs on its ownSub-categories: sympathetic & parasympatheticSympathetic hypes you up for the situationParasympathetic calms you downRemember the mnemonic of witnessing a car crash?Sympathetic – fight-or-flight instinct is at playUp: pulse, BP, blood sugar, epinephrine, norepinephrine, respiration, perspiration, pupils dilate, blood to coreDown: digestion, blood to extremitiesParasympathetic – oppositesSlide5

Cognition matters with emotion

If you see joy, you feel joy

If you see testiness, you feel testy

This supports the 2-factor theory……physical + label = emotionIt can come AFTERWARDS…flash pics  feel emotionsTwo patterns…1. high road: sense  thalamus  sensory cortex  prefrontal cortex  amygdala  emotionYou think about it2. low road

: sense  amygdala  emotion

It’s instinct

Exp.: flashed happy or fearful eyes…fearful went straight to amygdalaSlide6

Body language (BL)

Face tells all, even involuntarily via micro-expressions. Most important…

…eyes and mouth

Lie detecting – correct only 54% of the time via BLEmails & texts strip away BL (BL is important!)Extroverts better at showing emotions; introverts better at reading themGender“Women‘s intuition” may be realWomen have better perception, depth of emotions, except for……anger. Exp.: gender-neutral person…angry = male; smiling = femaleSlide7

Culture

Women show emotions more

Paul Ekman

IDs 6 emotions (remember “Inside Out”)……happy, fear, sadness, anger, disgust, surpriseThey are: universal across culture, age, even blindWest: shows more emotions than EastSlide8

Body & emotion

Facial feedback effect

– based on Wm. James’ idea—if we act that way, we’ll feel that way

Idea is that feelings result from making a facial expression or BLHold pen in teeth  happyHold pen in gums  sadBotox with no frown  happyWalk with slouch – sad Empathy  let your face mimic the other personSlide9

Fear

Powerful emotion, can be with anything...

…natural—heights

…unnatural—clowns, number 13Amygdala (limbic system)  alerts us, Hey stop!ID twins show similar fears  genetics matterSlide10

Anger

Powerful emotion

West (INDIVIDUAL is important)

Catharsis (letting it out) is seen as a good thingNot true  leads to more anger!East (GROUP is important)Catharsis is seen as bad b/c is causes discordRemedies:Wait (count to 10)Don’t dwell on itForgiveness……physiological change – BP, pulse, facial tension all drop…inside, it healsSlide11

Happiness

Happy people…

…playful, creative, better self-image, relationships, hopes, marriage, $

Unhappy people……drive social reform, writersFeel-good, do-good phenomenon – when happy, we help outHourly studies – happy in day, sadder in eveningWe have a will to move on……we often underestimate this…sadness is fleeting (it will pass)Slide12
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Cont.

Can $ buy happiness?

YES – to achieve basic needs…food/health

NO – beyond the basics, $ cannot buy happinessLaw of diminishing marginal utility – increasing anything gives less use each timeHappiness likely breeds more $ (Not $ breeds happiness)Most happy people focus on……relationships, growth, community (NOT power, prestige, hungry)Two theories:adaptation level phenomenon – we judge things relative to a neutral level, defined by our experiences (example: music volume)relative deprivation – we compare ourselves to others (can be + or -)Slide14

Stress!!!

How does stress affect us mentally & physically?

Stressor

– event that threatens or challenges usDistress  bad stress; but, eustress can be good……it pushes us; short-term jolts immune systemLong-term  bad emotionally, physicallyWalter Cannon came up with stress response system…1.

fight-or-flight kicks in……

sympathetic nervous system

goes live

2.

cortisol hormone

…

…lasts longer than

epinephrine

3. others…withdraw from it, “tend & befriend” (women), social withdrawal (men—alcohol, violence)Slide15

Cont.

G.A.S.

– Hans

Seyle – General Adaptation Syndrome (think emergency!)1. Alarm Reaction – “Oh Shoot!” moment, stunned, then SNS kicks in2. Resistance – you deal with situation, body is super-charged3. Exhaustion – body is depleted, collapse, death(?)Life events make stressCan be big events, or little things adding upBodyHigh stress  high chance of heart disease

(tax preparer study)Type A personality

– motivated, competitive, intense, verbally abusive, angry  increased chance of heart disease

Type B personality

– chill bro’  less heart diseaseSlide16

Body (cont.)

Old term:

psychosomatic

– physical symptom with a mental causeNew term: psychophysiological (due to misuse)Psychoneuroimmunology – stress reduces immune systemCancer – stress doesn’t CAUSE cancer, but hurts immune systemAIDS – stress makes it worse; ABCs of not getting AIDS…A – AbstinenceB – Being faithfulC -- CondomsSlide17

Arousal

How does a person’s arousal level affect performance?

Arousal

– a person’s alertness, preparation for action, or “hypedness”Low arousal = sleepy or sluggishHigh arousal = super pumpedYerkes-Dodson law – optimum arousal yields peak performance Usually on a graph…top of the hump is ideal!Slide18

Cont.

Difficult tasks – low arousal yields peak performance (pitching, diving)

Easy tasks – high arousal yields peak performance (football, running)Slide19

Cont.

Rate your arousal level right now, 1 to 10.

1 is very low…almost asleep

10 is very high…bouncing off the wallsTurn to a neighbor, rate him or her