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Sexuality Overview Approaches Sexuality Overview Approaches

Sexuality Overview Approaches - PowerPoint Presentation

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Sexuality Overview Approaches - PPT Presentation

Victorian attitudes Masturbation fears Homosexuality Sexology Conclusion Approaches Increasingly informed by queer theory a theoretical approach which emanates from literary and critical studies ID: 719338

sex sexual male attitudes sexual sex attitudes male identity victorian masturbation century homosexuality female sexuality men control behaviour women

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

SexualitySlide2

Overview

Approaches

Victorian

attitudes

Masturbation fears

Homosexuality

Sexology

ConclusionSlide3

Approaches

Increasingly informed

by ‘queer theory’ , a theoretical approach which emanates from literary and critical studies

Move

away from the reclamation school which sought to recover the stories of (usually) male homosexuals for the historical

record

Queer theorists

argue that

sexual

identity constructions

are arbitrary

Other

markers of identity such as race and class should be used

Emerged from radical

AIDS activism in the US in the

1980sSlide4

Nameless Offences

Harry

Cocks

uses

theory as an analytical framework for mapping homosexual desire in the period.

Argues cultural

oppression

fostered a language of the ‘closet’. In law homosexuality was often nameless and this created a space of impunity He argues this existed long before the so called watershed of the 1880s and 1890sSlide5

Victorian attitudes

Many attitudes emerged in 18

th

century:

Fears

of the dire effects of

masturbation

Hospitals for sufferers of sexual transmitted diseasesCampaigns against prostitution ‘Vice’ societiesIdeologies of male and female behaviourSlide6

Symptoms of the tertiary phase of

syphillis

,

19th

century. A patient afflicted with sores and ulcers to the neck and face, including one which has destroyed part of the nasal cartilage.

Estimated that 10% of population had syphilis by 1860sSlide7

Sex and identity

Victorians embraced view that an individual's

sex and sexuality form the most basic core of their

identity

Towards

the beginning of the eighteenth century, there emerged a political, economic, and technical incitement to talk about

sex (Foucault)Slide8

Changing attitudes

Shift

in

attitudes and behaviour from

around

1870

Population

began to declineOpposition to Contagious Diseases Acts led to movement for repealRise of feminism and focus on women’s rightsApplication of science to study of sexSlide9
Slide10

Control of male ‘urges’

Victorian

social moralists proposed

socio-medical

discourse based on masculine self-control in support of the bourgeois ideal of domestic life.

Idea

of the body as a closed system of

energy so male sexual 'expenditure' and especially 'excess' (spermatorrhea) were said to cause enfeeblement. Men counselled to conserve vital health by avoiding fornication, masturbation and nocturnal emissions and by rationing sex within marriage. That insanity arises from masturbation is now beyond a

doubtSlide11

Anti-masturbation devicesSlide12

Control of female sexual behaviour

Ailments afflicting adolescent girls

said

to signify abnormal sexual excitation.

Some

doctors

used

clitoridectomy to prevent sexual pleasure Dr Isaac Baker Brown advocated clitoridectomy to eradicate female self-abuseBut was considered assault on British womanhood to argue that they practised

self-abuse

Was distaste at ‘mutilation’Slide13

Homosexuality

L

ater nineteenth century witnessed visible

increase in

homosexuality

Term

‘homosexual’ was invented in 1869, becoming part of normal usage by the

1880s Lesbian was a term largely unknown until the 1890s. Sodomy was a capital offence until 1861 and between 1800 and 1835 80 men were hanged for this crime against nature. Women were exempted from the legal sanctions that applied to menSlide14

Anne Lister,

Shibden

Hall, Halifax wrote her diary in code to keep her affections for other women secretSlide15

Vera

Holme’s

diaries

, photographs and papers

document her

bohemian life - as a cross-dressing actress, suffragette chauffeur to the

Pankhursts

and servicewoman overseas during the First World War – and her romantic relationships with women.Slide16

Emergence of gay subculture

Decadence

movement include the promotion of 'Greek' or Platonic relationships by some university

dons

Allure

to the forbidden and

deviant

Rise of aesthetic movementExposure of male brothel in the Cleveland Street scandal in 1889 Trials of Oscar Wilde in 1895Slide17

Aubrey Beardsley

(1872-98) Slide18

Sketch of Charles Hammond operator of male brothel in

Clevland

St

. He escaped

prosecution Slide19

Oscar Wilde and Lord Alfred DouglasSlide20

Sexology

Questions

of sexual identity

subject

to speculative and would-be scientific investigation, dubbed sexology (1902).

In

A Problem in Greek Ethics

and A Problem in Modern Ethics John Addington Symonds suggested that man-boy love had been encouraged by the ancient GreeksHavelock Ellis attempted a detailed classification of 'normal' and 'perverse' sexual practices. Identified 'third

' or 'intermediate' sex, for which Ellis used the term 'sexual inversion'.

Edward

Carpenter

in,

The Intermediate Sex

challenged

Victorian sexual ideology and viewed comradeship between men as an essential ingredient of socialist

society

Lesbian

and Sapphic came into use as terms for female

relationshipsSlide21

Conclusion

Sex and sexuality in Victorian period in state of transition and flux

Changing attitudes to ‘sexual deviance’

Application of ‘science’ to study of sexuality

Stereotypical views of attitudes to sex need to be challenged