Y ou must know where water is h ow water moves AND w hy water is an important abiotic nonliving factor within an ecosystem Where does water go When water falls to Earth some water soaks into the ground becoming part of groundwater ID: 406251
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Slide1
The Location & Movement of Water on Earth’s SurfaceSlide2
You must know…
where water is
h
ow water moves
AND
w
hy water is an important abiotic (nonliving) factor within an ecosystemSlide3
Where does water go?
When water falls to Earth, some water soaks into the ground becoming part of groundwater.
Gravity causes some of it to flow downhill as surface water instead of soaking into the ground.
This is called
runoff
.Slide4
What is groundwater?
Groundwater is water that soaks into the ground. Duh!
Soil and rock that allow the water to pass through is called
permeable
.Slide5
Then where does the water go after that?
After getting through the soil and rock the water enters into the
zone of aeration
, which is unsaturated.
Groundwater will keep moving deeper.
The area where the water has filled all the space in the soil is called the
zone of saturation
; the top of this zone is called the
water table
.
Look at the following picture to understand.Slide6
GroundwaterSlide7
Aquifers – Storage Places for Groundwater
Groundwater can flow slowly through the underground rock or be stored in underground layers called aquifers.
Understand this…groundwater is naturally purified (cleaned) as it soaks through the soil layers.Slide8
So let’s look at some very interesting illustrations of how this whole groundwater thing works.
Then, what the heck, let’s listen to a little jingle about groundwater!Slide9
Where does the water go?Slide10Slide11Slide12Slide13
Zone of Aeration & Zone of Saturation
The water table is between the two of them.Slide14Slide15Slide16Slide17
How water moves through Earth’s surface!Slide18Slide19
The top of the zone of saturation is the water table.Slide20
An artist’s viewpoint of groundwater…Slide21
The Flow of GroundwaterSlide22
Let’s Review Water Movement
Runoff
Zone of Saturation
Water Table
Lake, River, Stream, Pond, Ocean, etc.
Precipitation
Zone of AerationSlide23
Surface-Water
Surface water
is runoff that has not soaked into the ground – it stays on the surface. Duh!
As runoff travels downhill, it forms the water in streams and rivers.Slide24
Drainage Basins
Drainage basins
are areas that are drained by a river and all the streams that empty into it.
They are also called
watersheds
.Slide25
Santee River Watershed
(Drainage Basin)Slide26
Divides
A
divide
is the high ground
between 2 watersheds.Slide27
Drainage Basin & DivideSlide28
By studying a map that contains rivers and marking all the tributaries of that river, the watershed area can be identified.Slide29
South Carolina Watersheds
Where will the water eventually end up?Slide30
Importance of Groundwater & Surface-water
Groundwater and surface-water is important to ecosystems.
Flowing water can erode land in one location and deposit sediments in another.
The floodplain of a river may deposit sediment after heavy rains enriching the area with new soil needed for growing vegetation.
This new soil is nutrient rich.
Crops or natural vegetation grow well in it.Slide31
Importance of Groundwater & Surface-water continued…
The drainage basin provides the needed water for animal life also.Slide32
Deltas
Deltas
may form where the river ends its journey into a still body of water like a lake or the ocean.
A unique ecosystem forms in delta region.
Examples are the Santee delta in South Carolina and the Mississippi delta in Louisiana.Slide33Slide34
Santee Delta of South CarolinaSlide35
Mississippi DeltaSlide36
Human Activities
Water is also important to human activities.
Human beings are dependent upon water for survival, not only for drinking, but for agriculture and industry as well.Slide37
Human Activities
cont.
Dams have been placed along some rivers in order to produce hydroelectric power and to offer recreation in the lakes that form behind the dams
.Slide38
Water, Water, Water
Lakes, rivers, and the ocean contain sources of food and minerals.
Earth is 71% water.
3% is freshwater.
Since much of that freshwater is ice, very little is left as “usable” freshwater for humans.Slide39
Acknowledgements
All pictures were obtained from various sources on Google Images.
None of the pictures/illustrations are mine.
Credit is given to all artists/photographers for their work.