What is the Inverted U theory What is the Catastrophe theory 15 Theories of Arousal Drive Theory Hull 1943 Proposed a linear relationship between arousal and performance As arousal increases so will quality of performance ID: 166904
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "What is the Drive theory?" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
What is the Drive theory?What is the Inverted U theory?What is the Catastrophe theory?
1.5- Theories of ArousalSlide2
Drive Theory (Hull, 1943)
Proposed a
linear
relationship between arousal and performanceAs arousal increases so will quality of performanceHigher levels of arousal would intensify the dominant responseFor Elite performers this is likely to be correct responseFor beginners likely to be incorrect responseSpence and Spence (1968) adapted it using an equation:-Performance = Habit strength x drive
Now considered an inadequate explanation
When arousal reaches a high enough point performance will not improve
RonaldoSlide3
Inverted U Hypothesis (Yerkes and Doson, 1908)
Suggests that performance will increase with arousal to an optimum point.
However if you go beyond that point then performance will decrease
From observations this seems to fit very well, however, it is too simplisticDoes it apply equally to the different phases of learning?
Does it apply to all sports performance in the same way? Slide4
Does it apply equally to the different phases of learning?
Beginners find it more difficult to cope with arousal
Less habitual (Similar to Drive theory)
Need to give more attention to the skill itself and arousal levels make take concentration awayRely heavily on environmental cues, may miss what is unexpected
Performance
Arousal
Cognitive
Associative
AutonomousSlide5
Does it apply to all sports performance in the same way?
Can vary according to the skill being performed
Gross skills benefit from higher levels of arousal then fine skills
Shot Putt compared to ArcheryCan vary within a sport dependant upon roleRugby forwards compared to backs Lion's team talk
Performance
ArousalFine/ ComplexGross/SimpleSlide6
Catastrophe theory
Based upon Inverted U theory but differs in what happens during over arousal
Inverted U suggests gradual decline
Catastrophe theory suggests much faster and more dramatic declineMore of a model than a theory as it attempts to predict human behaviour rather than explain it
Performance
Arousal
A
B
C
D
A-
Performer reaches Optimum level of arousal
High cognitive anxiety but low Somatic arousal
B-
Performer has sudden reduction in performance
High cognitive and High Somatic arousal
C-
Possible that performance will continue to deteriorate
D-
Performer gradually regains control as arousal levels decrease
The worst over ever?Slide7
Catastrophe Theory continued
A high level of cognitive anxiety can be beneficial
A
s long as it is accompanied by low somatic anxietyMost likely to occur days before the eventAs the event gets nearer…Somatic anxiety increase to a peak just before the event.Then normally declines once the performance beginsHowever if Somatic anxiety doesn’t decrease then it can lead to the Catastrophe occurring