4 TH CARIBBEAN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT CONFERENCE 2 DECEMBER 2014 Dr Sope WilliamsElegbe Deputy Director African Public Procurement Regulation Research Unit amp Research Fellow Stellenbosch University South Africa ID: 797434
Download The PPT/PDF document "COLLECTIVE ACTION AGAINST CORRUPTION" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
COLLECTIVE ACTION AGAINST CORRUPTION4TH CARIBBEAN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT CONFERENCE 2 DECEMBER 2014
Dr. Sope Williams-ElegbeDeputy Director, African Public Procurement Regulation Research Unit & Research Fellow, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Lagos, Nigeria.sopewe@sun.ac.za
Slide2OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION
IntroductionThe Scale of the ProblemWhat is Collective Action?Why Collective Action?
What Should Collective Action Achieve?Examples of Collective Action in Action
How do we Implement in the Caribbean?
What will the Future Look Like With Collective Action?
Conclusion
2
Slide31960s
1990s
Scholarly study of corruption
Most work consisted of single –case studies
Linkage between corruption, GDP & Investment
1995
Corruption perceptions index created & other indicators
INTRODUCTION
1999
2000s
Collective action (UNGC)
Slide4THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEM (1)There have been different causes attributed to the low level of economic development in the Caribbean
These include:Dependency theory; Cultural and social history;
Unfair world trading system;Political and other forms of corruption;
Underdeveloped democracies;
The absence of adherence to the rule of law
The effects of the illegal trade in drugs
4
Slide5Country
2013 Rank
2012 Rank
GDI per capita 2013
Classification
Barbados
15
15
$15, 080 (2012)
High income
Bahamas
22
22
$20,600 (2012)
High income
St Lucia22
22
$7,090Upper middle income
Puerto Rico
33
33$19, 210
High income
St Vincent & The Grenadines33
36
$6,580
Upper middle income Dominica
41
41$6,760
Upper middle income
Cuba
6358
$5,890
Upper middle income Jamaica
83
83
$5,220Upper middle income
Trinidad
83
80
$15,760
High income
Suriname
94
88
$9,260
Upper middle income
Dominican Republic
123
118
$5,620
Upper middle income
Guyana
136
NA
$3,750
Low middle income
Haiti
163
165$810Low income
5
THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEM: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX
Slide6Country
2013 Rank
2012 Rank
GDI per capita 2013
Classification
St
Kitts
NA
NA
$13, 460
High income
Antigua
NA
NA
$12, 910High income
BelizeNA
NA
$4,660Upper middle income
Grenada
NANA
$7,460Upper middle income
Montserrat
NANA
NA
NA
5THE SCALE OF THE PROBLEM: CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX Low income is $1,045 or lessMiddle income is $1,045 to $12,746Lower-middle income is $1,045 to $4,125Upper middle income is $4125 to $12,746High income is above $12,746.
Slide7WHAT IS COLLECTIVE ACTION? (1)
Slide8WHAT IS COLLECTIVE ACTION? (2)Collective action is a coordinated sustained process of cooperation amongst private firms and other stakeholders. It amplifies the impact of company efforts, brings vulnerable and individual players into a supportive alliance and levels the playing field.
~ World Bank Institute
Slide9WHAT IS COLLECTIVE ACTION? (3)
9
COMMON OBJECTIVE
RESULTS AND OUTCOMES
Individual choices
Collective actors
Collective decisions
Slide10WHAT IS COLLECTIVE ACTION? (4)
10
Conscious, Voluntary, Active, Lasting
Credible leadership
Compelling focus
Incentives for participation
Alliances & Coalition building
Sustainable
Slide11WHY DO WE NEED COLLECTIVE ACTION?Research (Persson 2012) shows that anti-corruption measures can’t be left to public sector
The principal-agent paradigm is faulty Corruption is a collective problem and requires a collective effortCorruption is an institutional problem and the underlying institutional framework
must be addressedIf supply stops- this will affect
demand
Businesses and civil society have a compelling incentive to reduce corruption
Slide12WHAT SHOULD COLLECTIVE ACTION ACHIEVE?
Slide13HOW DOES COLLECTIVE ACTION WORK?
Slide14HOW DOES COLECTIVE ACTION WORK (2)
Slide15TYPES OF COLLECTIVE ACTION MEASURES
Slide16COLLECTIVE ACTION IN ACTION: UNGC
Slide17COLLECTIVE ACTION IN ACTION: NIGERIA
Slide18COLLECTIVE ACTION IN ACTION: THAILAND
Slide19COLLECTIVE ACTION IN ACTION: RUSSIA
Slide20HOW DO WE IMPLEMENT IN THE CARIBBEAN? Build a coalition of businesses genuinely tired of the status quo.Who will lead this?Three-pronged approach may be necessary:
Enrollment- a commitment to internal ethicsMobilization and advocacyInformation sharing and training
Slide21IF NOT NOW, WHEN?
IF NOT YOU, WHO?
Slide22HOW DO WE ENSURE IT IS SUSTAINABLE?
Slide23WHAT WILL THE FUTURE LOOK LIKE WITH COLLECTIVE ACTION
23
Slide24CHALLENGES TO COLLECTIVE ACTION
24
Is
it a priority?
Funding
Which
model works best?
Critical mass/defaulters
Leadership
& Ownership. Who
will champion?
Slide25SOME LESSONS FROM OTHER JURISDICTIONS
25
Top-Down Approach
i.e. through the largest business association/chamber of commerce
Bottom-Up Approach
i.e. through
smaller city based
orgsnisations
Collaborative Engagement
Support
from all sectors
Enhance Capacity
Transparent
advocacy
Slide26CONCLUSION
Slide27Slide28THANK YOUDr. Sope Williams-Elegbesopewe@sun.ac.za