PPT-Aromatic Water     By

Assistant lect Nora Zawar Assistant lect Zeina Dawood Assistant lect Zahraa Amer Simple Solution Solutions are liquid pharmaceutical preparations Which contain one or more soluble chemical substance dissolved in one or more suitable solvent and produce singlephase system. Benzene is aromatic: a cyclic conjugated compound with 6 . . electrons. Reactions of benzene lead to the retention of the aromatic core. Types of Reactions. Electrophilic. substitution. Diazonium. Dr. . Sheppard. CHEM . 2412. Summer 2015. Klein (2. nd. ed. .) . sections. : 18.1, 18.2, 18.8, 18.3, 18.4, 18.5. Aromatic Compounds. Originally distinguished because of smell. Then noticed trends in reactivity. Most common reactions for aromatics involve replacement of ring . hydrogens. by other atoms or groups . (substitution reactions). Mechanism of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions. Electrophile. Bitter almonds are the source of the aromatic compound benzaldehyde. Sources of Benzene. Some Facts About Benzene. Reacts mainly by substitution. Friedrich August Kekule’. The Orbital Model for Benzene. 15-5. Molecules containing several fused benzene rings are called . polycyclic benzenoid. or . polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (. PAHs. ).. Common names are used for these systems, since there is no simple naming system for them.. Dr. . Shatha. I . Alaqeel. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. By the end of chapter four the students will:. Understand the resonance description of structure of benzene. Understand the hybridization in benzene. Bitter almonds are the source of the aromatic compound benzaldehyde. Sources of . Benzene. Benzene. , C. 6. H. 6. , is the . parent hydrocarbon . of the . especially stable . compounds known . as . In 1825, Michael Faraday isolated a hydrocarbon called benzene, which consists of a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds and the molecular formula C. 6. H. 6. . . Learning Goal . Describe the bonding in benzene; name aromatic compounds, and draw their line-angle structural formulas.. Oils. Aromatic . Use of Essential Oils. Why should I use essential oils aromatically? . Why should I use essential oils aromatically? . -Produce relaxing, calming, or uplifting feelings. -Purify the air. 1435-1436. 2014-2015. Learning Objectives. . Understand the. . resonance description of structure of benzene. Understand the hybridization in benzene. Understand the relation between the stability of benzene and resonance energy. 240 . Chem. 1. The expressing . aromatic compounds . came to mean . benzene. . and derivatives of benzene. .. . Structure of Benzene: Resonance Description. C. 6. H. 6. It contains a six-membered ring and three additional degrees of unsaturation.. MICHAEL FARADAY (1791-1867). first person to isolate and identify benzene. early benzene uses:. - . decaffeinate . coffee. - antiknock additive . in gasoline. - solvent in chem rxns. now we know benzene is a carcinogen!. aromatic waters. Stage: 3/ 1st course. Dr. Ameer S. Sahib. Aromatic water. Aromatic waters are clear, . aqueous solutions saturated with volatile oils. or other aromatic or volatile substances. . They are saturated solutions usually of volatile oils or similar substances in distilled water.. Arenium Ion Mechanism . Some Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Reactions Viz. Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, Friedel- Crafts Reaction. Orientation & Reactivity in Mono Substituted Benzene.