Overview Basic form Different grammatical roles Subjective relatives Objective relatives Afterpreposition relatives Possessive relatives Basic meaning of relative pronouns Semantic amp Structural differences ID: 785955
Download The PPT/PDF document "Relative Clauses Kyewon Lee / Debora" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Relative Clauses
Kyewon Lee / Debora
Slide2Overview
Basic form
Different grammatical roles
Subjective relatives
Objective relatives
After-preposition relatives
Possessive relatives
Basic meaning of relative pronouns
Semantic & Structural differences
End-weight
Slide3Basic form
Main clause
+
Relative clause Antecedent Relative pronoun I’m talking about a book that doesn’t make me fall asleep. Adjective+noun a red apple Noun+relative clause a book that I need for school
Slide42) Different grammatical roles
Slide5Subjective relative
Relative pronouns are used to replace
subjects
.
Who / Which / that 1a) Did you see the man? The man was here. 1b) Did you see the man who was here?
2a) Irene grabbed that chocolate
.
The chocolate
was on the table.
2b) Irene grabbed
the chocolate
that
was on the table
.
Slide6Objective relative
Relative pronouns are used to replace
objects
.
Whom / Which / that / Ø (zero relatives)3c) * Did you enjoy the film which you saw it ?
3a) Did you enjoy
the film
? you
saw
t
he film
.
3b) Did you enjoy
the film
which
you saw
?
Slide7After-preposition relatives
Relative pronouns are used to replace
noun after preposition
.
Whom / Which / that / Ø (zero relatives) 5a) Can I meet the person that you talked to? 5b) Mary knows that person Ø I talked to.
Prepositional
fronted
Prepositional
stranded
4a) Where is
the hotel
? You stayed in
the hotel
.
4b) Where is
the hotel
in which
you sta
y
ed?
Slide8Possessive relatives
Relative pronouns are used to replace
noun after possessive marker
.
Whose / of Which6a) Have you ever lived in a house? Its roof was leaking.6b) Have you ever lived in a house whose roof was leaking?6c) Have you ever lived in a house? The roof of the house was leaking.
6d) Have you ever lived in a house the
foor
of which
was leaking?
Slide9Summary Box - Uses of relative pronouns
Most
frequent
Least
frequent
SubjectrelativesObject
relatives
After-preposition
relatives
Possessive
relatives
fronted
stranded
who
Ø
(to) which
Ø … (to)
whose
that
that
(to) whom
that … (to)
of which
which
which
who … (to)
whom
which … (to)
Slide103) Basic meaning of relative pronouns
Slide113) Basic meanings of relative pronouns
Who/Whose/Whom - used for
human or human-like
antecedents
- often used for
general reference and classifying7a) Charlotte loves the man who lives next door7b) Jay is the woman whom the man next door wants to marry.7c) Dasule is a doctor whose help john can always count on.
Slide123) Basic meanings of relative pronouns
Which - used for
non-human or non-human like
antecedents
9) Miness hit
the car which cut her off.That/Ø - neutral (no differentiation required) 10a) Jay got a call from a company that wanted to hire her. 10b) Crystal met someone
(Ø) she knew in the subway.
Slide133) Basic meanings of relative pronouns
Where - reference to place
1
1
) Rachel wanted to go
home where she felt comfortable.When - reference to time 12) Sora thought back to her childhood when she was happy.Why - reference to reason 13) Bob wanted to know the reason why
June hit him.
Slide144)
semantic differences
& structural differences
Restricted clauses (‘defining’ relative clauses)
help to identify or classify the person or thing being talked about 14) Be kind to those who need you help. Non-restricted clauses (‘non-defining’ relative clauses)gives extra information but unnecessary about the antecedent 14)
My neighbor,
who
is an English teacher
,
plays very loud music.
comma - ‘ , ’
IMPORTANT!
Slide154)
semantic differences &
structural differences
Slide16Medial position
S
ubject -
S
ubject The man has a cat. The man lives next door. 17) The man who lives next door has a cat.
S
ubject -
O
bject
The woman
has a large dog.
The man want to marry
the woman
.
18)
The woman
that
the man want to marry
has a large dog.
(Old) information
&
shorter
Slide17Final position
O
bject -
S
ubject The man has a cat. A cat likes the large dog. 15) The man has a cat that likes the large dog.
O
bject -
O
bject
The woman has
a large dog
.
The cat likes
the large dog
.
16) The woman has
a large dog
that
the cat likes
.
New information
&
longer
Slide185) End-weight
Longer relative clauses in
final position
Who or which > that or Ø 19) They always make a huge breakfast which nobody ever wants to eat first thing on Christmas morning with a hangover.
20)
The movie
Ø
we saw
was really boring.
Slide19Relative Clauses
Class activities
Slide20Descriptions and Objectives.
Target Group
University students intermediate English for Specific Purposes'.
Aim
Building confidence in using relative clauses to describe goods, services, personnel and other real life work related situations.
ActivitySentence matchingOpen end role play describing people’s occupation.Writing activity
Slide21‘
Grammar in use
’ is an
example of
unauthentic class activity.
Slide22Activity 1. Open Ended role play using role cards
Outline
Discuss with students to the topic occupation, using relative clauses by asking a few questions such as:
How would you describe a blue collar worker?
What's full time work?
Who is a consultant? What is a doctor do? These questions should elicit a number of responses with competent use of relative clauses. Make sure to rephrase student answers throughout using relative clauses to help inductively introduce the idea of relative clause use. For example: 1.Oh, full time work is a type of work which takes place for at least 40 hours a week.2. A consultant is someone who provides services and advice to a company on a contractual basis. etc.
Slide23Pictures of different occupations
Slide24Example
John is a doctor.
He works in the hospital.
He treats people.
->
John is a doctor who…………………………………..
Slide25Activity 2. Matching Relative pronouns.
A
1
. A supervisor is a person
2. I have difficulties with bosses
3. Office Suite is a group of programs4. Success on the road can be assisted by the cloud5. The human resources director is the liaison6. Use the ratchet as a tool7. Internal office communications are handled by our company forum8.You'll find that Anita is a person9. I couldn't get my work done without Daren10. Taplist is an app
B
A
. can contact to resolve contract issues.
B
. can tighten a wide variety of nuts and bolts.
C
. Provides a friendly place to post questions, make comments and discuss issues.
D
. use to keep track of all my mileage, meals and other work expenses.
E
. allows me to access documents and other data from a wide range of devices.
F
. do not take my point of view into consideration.
G
. is willing to help with any problem you may have.
H
. assists me with day-to-day tasks.
I
. directs employees working in a team.
J
. is used for word processing, creating spreadsheets and presentations.
who which that
Slide26Activity 3. Chain writing (Writing a funny story)
Instructions
Students will complete stories by passing on the paper to the next student and it will go around.
The last person to complete the story can read the story out loud.
->There was a boy
who _________________.