MOTIVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT - PowerPoint Presentation

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MOTIVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL CONSULTANCY (

DBM-421)

IntroductionMotive refers to drive and motivation means drive to achieve a goal. Motivation refers to the way in which urges, drives, desires, aspirations, and strivings or needs direct, control or explain the behaviour of human beings.

Motivation is related with human behaviour. Motivation is a complex phenomenon. In general motivation is a psychological phenomenon as it is related to those factors operating within the individual employee which compel him to act or not to act in a certain way. These phenomena have been a subject of research by many people.

Characteristics of Motivation

1. Motivation is internal feeling of a person.

2. Motivation is a continuous

process.

3. Motivation varies with person and time.

4

. Motivation may be positive or negative

.

What motivates an entrepreneur to undertake risk and start new enterprise?

Is

it financial scarcity or financial abundance which motivates an individual to start an enterprise?

Is

it the family, social status or satisfaction from present life that motivates an entrepreneur to start a new

enterprise?

The

answer to such questions lies in the study of motivation

.

Motivational factors involve the inner urge within an individual. Due to such an urge an individual is motivated to do something new, unique and perform better than others.

What makes an entrepreneur?

Entrepreneurship

is associated with

personality.

Personality

development is closely associated with early childhood experiences.

Economic

deprivation also acts as a motivating

factor.

Family

environment plays an important role. In a family where security and non risk bearing situations are given importance, there are less chances of developing entrepreneurs, whereas family environments which foster venturing in to uncertain risky environment, tend to develop entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurial

characteristics are results of combination of various social, economic and psychological factors which are developed right from childhood.

Motivation Theories

Motivation acts as key to enterprise effectiveness. Motivation is originated from the word motive. Motive means want, need, impulse or drive. Motivation is internal to person.

Motivation

is on going process and may be positive or negative.

There

are financial and non financial motivation techniques which can be used by entrepreneur for effective functioning of the enterprise. Incentives directly or indirectly related with money are referred to as financial motivations.

Money

acts as important and most effective source of motivation. Salary and wages, bonus, leave with pay, medical and housing facilities, profit sharing, vehicle allowance etc are some of the examples of financial motivators which should be used by the entrepreneur for the employees of the enterprise.

Non

financial motivators are psychological in nature. Status, respect, prestige, participation, job enrichment, recognition, safety of job, responsibility, etc are examples of non financial motivators.

Many motivation theories have evolved over the passage of time. These theories can be grouped as:

Content theories

Process theories

Theories related with human nature

Maslow’s need hierarch theory.

Herzberg two factor theory.

McClelland theory of achievement, affiliation and power.

Alderfer’s

theory of existence, relatedness and growth.

Vroom’s theory of valence and expectancy.

Porter and lower model of motivation.

Equity theory.

McGregor theory of X and Y.

Ouchi’s

theory Z.

Contingency approach.

Maslow’s of theoryIt holds that

Human

needs form a hierarchy ranging from lowest order of physiological need, security need, social need, esteem need to highest order need of self actualisation. The theory suggests that various levels are interdependent and overlapping.

Each

higher level need emerges before the lower level need is completely satisfied. As the need does not disappear when other emerges, all needs tend to be partially satisfied in each area. When the peak of a need is passed, that need does not work as a primary motivator. The next level need then begins to dominate. Even though a need is satisfied it still

influences

behaviour due to interdependent and overlapping characteristics of need.

Fredrick Herzberg and his associate Conducted

research study by administering survey questions to 200 engineers and accountants in nine different companies in the

Pittusberg

, U.S.A. Based upon analysis of the

information

Two

independent set of factors affecting human behaviour were found out

.

They are referred to as hygiene factors.

Another

set of factors are responsible for strong motivation and high job satisfaction. They are referred to as hygiene factors

.

Hygiene factors found out by Herzberg include:company

policy and

administration

technical supervision

interpersonal

relationship with

subordinates

salary

, job security, personal life, working conditions and status.

The

motivation factors found out by Herzberg

include:

achievement

Recognition

Advancement

work itself

possibility

of growth and responsibility.

The

suggestion of Herzberg is to keep hygiene factors constant or higher while increasing motivational factors.

Important guidelines for motivation

The enterprise must consider human resources as the most valuable resource from among all the resources and give them respectable and

honorable

treatments.

Good

quality working conditions should be maintained at the enterprise / factory place

Safety

and health should receive topmost priority.

Adequate

and fair salary structure should be provided to employees so as to maintain good standard of living.

Job

security and enough opportunities to rise ahead in their careers should be given to employees.

Superiors

should praise the subordinates when they deserve it.

Important guidelines for motivation

Adequate

tools and equipments should be provided to employees so as to perform their task effectively.

Proper

feedback system should be implemented so that subordinates can come to know about their strengths and weaknesses.

The

employees should be provided with opportunities to show their skills and creative instincts in work performance through giving them more freedom, encouraging their participation, implementing management by objectives and latest management concepts.

Principles

of natural justice should be followed in handling grievances of employees. Full freedom should be provided to employees to express their problem.

Adequate

training should be provided to the employees to develop skills and creative abilities of the employees.

Entrepreneurship Development Training Programme

Entrepreneurship development is one of the key elements for promotion of MSME sectors. To undertake this task on regular basis, the Ministry has set up three national level institutes. These

are

National

Institute of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, 

Hyderabad

National

Institute of Entrepreneurship and small Business Development,

Noida

and

Indian

Institute of Entrepreneurship,

Guwahati

.

Entrepreneurs

, can avail the multi-faceted training programmes geared for entrepreneurship cult which are tailor-made for their individual needs and application within the country.

Various

training programmes are organized on regular basis to cultivate the latent qualities in youths by enlightening them on various aspects that are necessary to be considered while setting up micro or small enterprises

.

These

training programmes have attracted the attention of the educated unemployed youths and have created confidence in them which led to the self employment and creation of better employment.

The individual MSME-DIs conduct the following training programmes:a) 

Industrial Motivation

Campaign

b

) 

Entrepreneur Development Programme

c) 

Entrepreneurship Skill Development Programme

d) 

Management Development Programme

e) 

Skill Development

f) 

Business Skill Development Programme

Other Specialized programmes like Bio-technology, etc