PPT-II. Rate of growth DR.AYSER HAMEED

LEC2 Most benign tumors grow slowly amp most of cancers grow faster amp eventually spread locally amp to distant sites metastasis amp causing death In some exception some benign tumors grow more rapidly than some cancers eg leiomyoma uterine fibroid which is benign smooth muscle tumor influence by estrogen amp so increase in size during pregnancy. L. . Ljungqvist. and T. J. . Sargent. Presented by Celine . Boulenger. Introduction . This chapter describes basic . nonstochastic. models of sustained economic growth. . We will look at 3 different models: . “. logistical problems. ” inhibit discoveries. Initially . techno/economic. eventually geological. These quickly . end exponential growth. !. Discovery rate. . p. e. a. k. s. ,. is FLAT, then . L. . Ljungqvist. and T. J. . Sargent. Presented by Celine . Boulenger. Introduction . This chapter describes basic . nonstochastic. models of sustained economic growth. . We will look at 3 different models: . DroughtandfoodsecurityinthemiddleeastAnanalyticalframeworkMaysounHameedAliAhmadalipourHamidMoradkhaniCenterforComplexHydrosystemsResearchDepartmentofCivilConstructionandEnvironmentalEngineeringUnivers LEC.1. General Features . Inflammation is defined as "the response of living . vascularized. tissues to harmful agents.”. . It consists principally of vascular changes associated with leukocytes infiltration and systemic reactions. LEC.2. Binding of a particle to . phagocytic. leukocyte receptors initiates the process of active . phagocytosis. .. During engulfment, extensions of the cytoplasm (. pseudopods. ) flow around the particle to be engulfed, eventually resulting in complete enclosure of the particle within a . LEC.4. Examples of tumor suppressor genes:. 1. RB gene:. This is the . first discovered suppressor gene. , . loss of normal RB gene was discovered initially in Retinoblastoma, but recently proved it lost in many tumors (breast cancer, bladder & lung cancer, osteosarcoma).. LEC.3. Incidence of cancer. In male. . 30% Carcinoma of prostate. .. 14% Carcinoma of Lung.. 11% Carcinoma of colon & rectum.. In female. . . 31% breast carcinoma. .. 12% carcinoma of lung. . LEC.5. Chemical carcinogenesis:. General principles of chemical carcinogens;. I. . Could be . natural or synthetic chemical. ..  . II. . Chemicals either . direct acting chemical. (. active without transformation in the body). LEC.1. Abnormal mass of tissue. , characterized by followings:- . Its . growth is uncoordinated & exceeded. with that of the normal tissues.. Neoplasm . persist its growth after the cessation of stimuli which cause the change.. GROWTH. Growth. defined as the increase in size of an organism or of its parts due to the synthesis of . Protoplasm. (includes both cytoplasm and nucleus) or . Apoplasmatic. substances . (substance produced by cells and forms a part of the tissues . LEC.4. Carcinogenesis:. is a multistep process at both . phenotypic & genetic levels.. Phenotypic level . includes:. I. Excessive growth.. II. Local invasion.. III. Metastasis.. These three criteria are called collectively . LEC.5. 3. Evasion of apoptosis:. Normally, . the mechanism of . apoptosis is mediated by many genes, & achieve by two phases. . Initiation phase. , which is mediated by . TNF- Fas receptor . & inhibited by FLIP protein.. Lawal OU, Fraqueza MJ, Bouchami O, Worning P, Bartels MD, Gonçalves ML, et al. Foodborne Origin and Local and Global Spread of Staphylococcus saprophyticus Causing Human Urinary Tract Infections. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27(3):880-893. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2703.200852.