PPT-Carcinogenesis DR. AYSER HAMEED

LEC4 Carcinogenesis is a multistep process at both phenotypic amp genetic levels Phenotypic level includes I Excessive growth II Local invasion III Metastasis These three criteria are called collectively . ProportionPercentageChemicals tested in both rats and mice 350/59059%Naturally occurring chemicals 79/13957%Synthetic chemicals 271/45160%Chem. in Carcinogen. Potency Database 702/134852%Natural pesti Team JEEVES. Daniel . Steffy. , . Alissa. Halvorson, . Bogdan. . Pisica. , Christopher Pearson, . Hameed. . Ebadi. A Beacon-Sensing, Path Finding Robot Operating in a Crowded Environment. Current Status. Activatedlymphocytesasametabolicmodelfor carcinogenesis AndrewNMacintyreandJeffreyCRathmell * Abstract Metabolicreprogrammingisakeyeventintumorigenesistosupportcellgrowth,andcancercellsfrequently beco Carcinogenesis. Are there differences in the mechanisms of carcinogenesis associated with chemical, radiation, or dietary carcinogens?. What is Carcinogenesis?. Carcinogenesis is the production of cancer cells or the process of normal cells transforming into cancerous cells. . A. Abdel . Baky. Associate Professor. Pharmacology and Toxicology. Carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process at both the phenotypic and the genetic levels . that . end with the disease . DroughtandfoodsecurityinthemiddleeastAnanalyticalframeworkMaysounHameedAliAhmadalipourHamidMoradkhaniCenterforComplexHydrosystemsResearchDepartmentofCivilConstructionandEnvironmentalEngineeringUnivers LEC.2. Most benign tumors grow slowly . & most of cancers grow faster . & eventually spread locally & to distant sites (metastasis) & causing death.. In some exception, some benign tumors grow more rapidly than some cancers e.g. leiomyoma (uterine fibroid), which is benign smooth muscle tumor influence by estrogen & so increase in size during pregnancy.. LEC.1. General Features . Inflammation is defined as "the response of living . vascularized. tissues to harmful agents.”. . It consists principally of vascular changes associated with leukocytes infiltration and systemic reactions. LEC.2. Binding of a particle to . phagocytic. leukocyte receptors initiates the process of active . phagocytosis. .. During engulfment, extensions of the cytoplasm (. pseudopods. ) flow around the particle to be engulfed, eventually resulting in complete enclosure of the particle within a . LEC.4. Examples of tumor suppressor genes:. 1. RB gene:. This is the . first discovered suppressor gene. , . loss of normal RB gene was discovered initially in Retinoblastoma, but recently proved it lost in many tumors (breast cancer, bladder & lung cancer, osteosarcoma).. LEC.3. Incidence of cancer. In male. . 30% Carcinoma of prostate. .. 14% Carcinoma of Lung.. 11% Carcinoma of colon & rectum.. In female. . . 31% breast carcinoma. .. 12% carcinoma of lung. . LEC.5. Chemical carcinogenesis:. General principles of chemical carcinogens;. I. . Could be . natural or synthetic chemical. ..  . II. . Chemicals either . direct acting chemical. (. active without transformation in the body). LEC.1. Abnormal mass of tissue. , characterized by followings:- . Its . growth is uncoordinated & exceeded. with that of the normal tissues.. Neoplasm . persist its growth after the cessation of stimuli which cause the change.. LEC.5. 3. Evasion of apoptosis:. Normally, . the mechanism of . apoptosis is mediated by many genes, & achieve by two phases. . Initiation phase. , which is mediated by . TNF- Fas receptor . & inhibited by FLIP protein..