PPT-Tumor suppressor genes DR. AYSER HAMEED

LEC4 Examples of tumor suppressor genes 1 RB gene This is the first discovered suppressor gene loss of normal RB gene was discovered initially in Retinoblastoma but recently proved it lost in many tumors breast cancer bladder amp lung cancer osteosarcoma. - The Hippo pathway is one of many tumor suppressor pathways that is used to control the growth of tissues and organs. The founding members of the pathway were discovered by Georg Halder and . Iswar. DNA pol error rate . ~. 10. -9. per base . copied. How many errors in a . “typical” . somatic cell?. Most errors don’t have detectable effects. But some errors do: . . oncogenes. N. . – dominant. Smad4 is a key part of TGF beta signaling pathway. Inhibits epithelial cell growth. SMAD4 is a tumor suppressor. . that was discovered in association with pancreatic cancer. De . Bosscher. . et al., . in phage. Screens for essential genes. To identify essential genes, you can screen for what types of mutations?. Screens for essential genes. To identify essential genes, you can screen for what types of mutations?. Cancer can be caused by mutations to genes that regulate cell growth and division. Tumor viruses can cause cancer in animals including humans. Oncogenes and Proto-Oncogenes. Oncogenes . are cancer-causing genes. Understanding Cancer. Developed by:. Lewis J. Kleinsmith, Ph.D.. Donna Kerrigan, M.S.. Jeanne Kelly. Brian Hollen. Discusses and illustrates what cancer is, explains the link between genes and cancer, and discusses what is known about the causes, detection, and diagnosis of the disease.. . . Asst. . Prof. Dr. . Dalya. Basil Hanna. . . Molecular Biology of Cancer. Normal cells have a defined lifespan – they grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. A . LEC.3. Incidence of cancer. In male. . 30% Carcinoma of prostate. .. 14% Carcinoma of Lung.. 11% Carcinoma of colon & rectum.. In female. . . 31% breast carcinoma. .. 12% carcinoma of lung. . LEC.1. Abnormal mass of tissue. , characterized by followings:- . Its . growth is uncoordinated & exceeded. with that of the normal tissues.. Neoplasm . persist its growth after the cessation of stimuli which cause the change.. P.G.. 1.12.2020. CANCER. The term cancer applies to a group of diseases in which cells grow abnormally & form malignant tumor.. Malignant cells can invade nearby tissues and metastasize.. This aberrant growth pattern results from mutations in genes that regulate proliferation, differentiation, and survival of cells in a multicellular organism.. . Introduction. Tumor. . can be benign, pre-malignant, or malignant, whereas . cancer. is by definition malignant.. Cancer. . is a group of diseases characterized by . unregulated cell growth . and the . LEC.4. Carcinogenesis:. is a multistep process at both . phenotypic & genetic levels.. Phenotypic level . includes:. I. Excessive growth.. II. Local invasion.. III. Metastasis.. These three criteria are called collectively . LEC.5. 3. Evasion of apoptosis:. Normally, . the mechanism of . apoptosis is mediated by many genes, & achieve by two phases. . Initiation phase. , which is mediated by . TNF- Fas receptor . & inhibited by FLIP protein.. Cancer terminology. Classification by tissue type:. carcinoma. epithelial cell. 90% of all tumours. derived from . ectoderm . (mostly) or . endoderm . (some). sarcoma. connective tissue. 2% of all tumours.