PDF-Cell Research Vol 19 No 7 July 2009 mtDNA mutations and cancer

npg REVIEW Implications of mitochondrial DNA mutations and mito npg. DNA pol error rate . ~. 10. -9. per base . copied. How many errors in a . “typical” . somatic cell?. Most errors don’t have detectable effects. But some errors do: . . oncogenes. N. . – dominant. Q. uality. Marc-André . Sirard. Reproduction and Genomic . Canadian Research Chair. Plan. Oogenesis. What makes a good egg ?. The building of the mitochondria population in oocytes. The “special” mitochondria of the oocyte. mtDNA. mutations in the aged induced pluripotent stem cells?. Alina . A. fzal. BNFO 300 Spring 2017. Introduction. Free radical theory of aging . Increased . mtDNA. mutations. ROS level (contains unpaired electron). Learning Outcome B8 & B6. Learning Outcome B8. Explain . how mutations in DNA affect protein synthesis. Student Achievement Indicators. Give examples of two environmental mutagens that can cause mutations in humans.. Given a mutation, identify its type. Predict how a mutation will affect a protein.. Mutations. Changes in genetic material (DNA). 2 main types of mutations. Point mutation- change in one or a few nucleotides (letters). The sequence of bases in DNA are like the letters of a coded message or even the letters of a simple alphabet. . If we change the sequence of the letters do we change the nature of the message?. That . Understand how they occur. Analyze the different types of mutations. Understand how mutations affect amino acid sequences and proteins. Objective. Central Dogma. DNA is transcribed into RNA, RNA is translated into proteins. Small-scale mutations. Missense mutations. Nonsense mutations. Silent mutations. Frameshift mutations. Large scale mutations. Causes. Mutagens. The results of mutation. Mutations. Genetic mutations are changes in the DNA sequence, caused by various mechanisms.. Conditional mutations. Point mutations. In . point mutations . the sequence of the DNA has been altered at a single position. Where this change consists of replacing one nucleotide by another, it is known as a . permanent change . in the DNA sequence of a gene. .. . Mutations . in a . gene's DNA sequence. can alter . the amino acid sequence . of the . protein. encoded by the gene.. GOOD BAD NEUTRAL. Main idea: Gene expression is regulated by the cell, and mutations can affect this expression. Gene Regulation . Cells have the ability to control which genes are transcribed and when they are transcribed. 1163 IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall JJoouurrnnaall ooff BBiioollooggiiccaall mediates signaling for FGFs. Recent studies detected various point mutations of FGFR2 in multiple types of cancers, includ Science. Learning intention. To understand the different types of mutations. . You will need. A pen and a piece of paper or a laptop to record your answers. . You may need the internet to search for answers. . There are two basic types of mutations:. Gene mutations - mutations that produce changes in a single gene. Chromosomal mutations - mutations that produce changes in whole chromosomes. Gene mutations .