Science Learning intention To understand the different types of mutations You will need A pen and a piece of paper or a laptop to record your answers You may need the internet to search for answers ID: 1011946
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Year 10 Lesson 2 – mutations and types..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
1. Year 10Lesson 2 – mutations and types of mutationsScience
2.
3. Learning intentionTo understand the different types of mutations.
4. You will needA pen and a piece of paper or a laptop to record your answers. You may need the internet to search for answers.
5. Key termsMutations – a change in the genetic code.Nucleus – the central part of the cell; think of this as the ‘brain’ of the cell, it controls the cell. Organisms – a form of life, such as plants, animals and fungi.Chromosome – is an organised piece of DNA.
6. Questions• Why is a nucleus important for almost every cell?• How do organisms grow, repair and reproduce?
7. AnswersWhy is a nucleus important for almost every cell?The nucleus contains the cell’s chromosomes which encode genetic material.Responsible for all cell functions and activities.How do organisms grow, repair and reproduce?Cell division.
8. Mutations taskSometimes when cells divide, as the cell copies itself, the DNA can sometimes make mistakes. These are known as mutations.Whisper the following sentence to someone then ask them to write it down: ‘Rabbits rumble, giants grumble, dogs bark in the dark, and wolves woo in the blue.’ Ask that person to repeat it to another person and get them to write it down.Would the message stay the same? Would the meaning change?
9. Types of mutationsThere are many types of mutations. In this lesson the focus is on point mutations. There are 3 types of point mutations:base substitution base insertionbase deletion.
10. Let's use an exampleTHE RED CAT ATE THE RAT
11. Base substitution exampleIf there was a point mutation, the sentence would change to:THE REF CAT ATE THE RATSource: DNA mutation, https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-types-of-mutation-are-there [CC BY 4.0] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
12. Base insertion example If an insertion were to mutate the sentence 'THE RED CAT ATE THE RAT', then it might read:THE CRE DCA TAT ETH ERA T
13. Base deletion exampleA deletion would do something similar to the sentence:THE EDC ATA TET HER AT
14. CodonsTHE RED CAT ATE THE RATCodonIn its simplest form, a codon is code for a message.A point mutation can cause a change to the message in different ways.
15. ActivityCreate your own example to show the 3 types of mutations:substitutioninsertion base.
16. Mutations – positive or negativeKey ideasPositive:DiversityNegative:Disease like cancerImportant note:Mutations are not always a bad thing. There are positives and negatives to mutations.
17. SummaryWhen cells divide, the DNA can sometimes make mistakes and it can change the genetic code. Mutations can occur in many ways (substitution, insertion, deletion).Mutations can be positive and negative.
18. ChallengeIn our example, we used random letters to show how codons are made up of 3 letters. DNA is made up of 4 bases, which are represented by 4 letters. What are they?
19.
20.