PPT-Chapter 12 Section 4: Gene Regulation and Mutations

Main idea Gene expression is regulated by the cell and mutations can affect this expression Gene Regulation Cells have the ability to control which genes are transcribed and when they are transcribed. Mutations. Hollywood’s images of . mutation. Mutations. Actual Mutations . in fruit flies. What is a mutation?. A mutation is any change in a cell’s DNA. A mutation can occur in an individual gene. Bases:. A, T, C, G. Codons:. Genes:. Chromosome:. DNA. Words. Chapters. Book. Not passed on to offspring. Can be passed on to offspring. M. ito. sis. M. eio. sis. Mutations. in Cell Division. A single gene. Mutations are changes in the genetic material. . Mutations may be genetic mutations or chromosomal mutations.. Genetic Mutations occur in the “code” on DNA or mRNA. Mistakes in . copying the DNA :. Structure dictates function . Prokaryotic transcription is simpler. DNA exists in one chromosome . Less non-coding sequence. RNA polymerase binds the promoter directly. Genes are clustered into functional groups called operons. http://faculty.uca.edu/~johnc/mbi1440.htm. http://www.wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/mRNA.gif. GENETIC MATERIAL . In the middle of the 1900’s scientists were asking questions about genes.. http://io9.gizmodo.com/10-unusual-genetic-mutations-in-humans-470843733. Unharmful. Mutations. Mila . Kunis. has complete . heterochromia. . Kate Bosworth has . sectoral. . heterochromia. . Angelina Jolie has central . Draw 8 boxes on your paper. Gene regulation accounts for some of the phenotypic differences between organisms with similar genes.. 2005-2006. Gene regulation in bacteria. Control of gene expression enables individual bacteria to adjust their metabolism to environmental change. The sequence of bases in DNA are like the letters of a coded message or even the letters of a simple alphabet. . If we change the sequence of the letters do we change the nature of the message?. That . Can the letters of any word be rearranged to form another word in English? Give examples. . If you rearranged the letters at random, is it likely that you would form another English word? Explain your answer. . RNA is made of a long chain of nucleotides.. Differences between DNA and RNA:. 1 – the sugar on RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose. 2 – RNA is generally single-stranded. 3 – RNA contains uracil in place of thymine. KEY CONCEPT:. . Mutations. are changes in genetic material.. VOCABULARY:. Mutation, point mutation, . frameshift. mutation, polyploidy. Mutations – extension from gene expression. . Changes in genotype. There are two basic types of mutations:. Gene mutations - mutations that produce changes in a single gene. Chromosomal mutations - mutations that produce changes in whole chromosomes. Gene mutations . mutation. Mutations. Actual Mutations . in fruit flies. What is a mutation?. A mutation is any change in a cell’s DNA. A mutation can occur in an individual gene. - results in a single changed protein. mutation. Mutations. Ectrodactyly. Progeria. Hypertrichosis. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disorder (SCID). Sickle Cell Anemia. Heterochromia. iridium. What is a mutation?. @A . mutation is any change in a cell’s .