PPT-Mutations Learning Goal: Identify mutations in DNA (point mutation and frameshift mutation

The types of proteins an organism possesses depend upon the sequence of nucleotides The two main types of gene mutations include Point mutation one base pair is replaced for another base pair. DNA Polymerase can replicate DNA at a rate of . 50,000 base pairs per minute. !. That’s pretty fast – do you think it ever makes mistakes?. Mutations. Mutations. Changes in the genetic code. They come from mistakes that cells have made in copying their own DNA. . Mutations are changes in the genetic material. . Mutations may be genetic mutations or chromosomal mutations.. Genetic Mutations occur in the “code” on DNA or mRNA. Mistakes in . copying the DNA :. GENETIC MUTATIONS. MISTAKES IN DNA. A MISTAKE CAN BE:. 1. A point mutation – substitution, addition, or removal of a single DNA base.. 2. A . frameshift. mutation – . a point mutation due to an addition . Updated Summer 2015. by J. D. Hendrix. Mutations: Definitions. Lethal . mutation: results in death of the cell, and therefore cannot be propagated or studied. Conditional mutation: One that is expressed only under certain environmental conditions; for example, a temperature-sensitive mutation. What happens if there is a mistake (. mutation. ). in the DNA code?. Possibly proteins won’t be made or are made improperly.. If the mutations occur in the gametes, the offspring’s DNA will be affected positively, negatively, or neutrally.. Be in your seat, ready to go when the bell rings.. April 12. DNA. =Genetic Material. Gene. =. Small section of DNA that codes for a protein.(recipe for a protein). Chromosome. =. one large molecule of DNA coiled up tightly.. 6a & b. Mutations. Learning Intentions. By the end of this topic you should be able to:. (a) Mutations. Define ‘mutation’ and describe the effect of one . (. b) Single gene mutation. Understand how they occur. Analyze the different types of mutations. Understand how mutations affect amino acid sequences and proteins. Objective. Central Dogma. DNA is transcribed into RNA, RNA is translated into proteins. Conditional mutations. Point mutations. In . point mutations . the sequence of the DNA has been altered at a single position. Where this change consists of replacing one nucleotide by another, it is known as a . (Chapter 12). Presented by Dr. Laurie M. Erickson. Chair of the Department of Health Sciences. Blitstein Institute of Hebrew Theological College. Chicago, IL, USA.. 12.1-12.2 Mutations . Mutation:. any heritable change in the genetic material. MISTAKES IN DNA. A MISTAKE CAN BE:. 1. A point mutation – substitution, addition, or removal of a single DNA base.. 2. A . frameshift. mutation – . a point mutation due to an addition . or deletion of a DNA base that causes a major change in the genetic code.. KEY CONCEPT:. . Mutations. are changes in genetic material.. VOCABULARY:. Mutation, point mutation, . frameshift. mutation, polyploidy. Mutations – extension from gene expression. . Changes in genotype. Science. Learning intention. To understand the different types of mutations. . You will need. A pen and a piece of paper or a laptop to record your answers. . You may need the internet to search for answers. . Mutation may result in coding sequences for new amino acids in proteins or not!. Mutations can occur due to errors during DNA replication (. replication-dependent. mutations). Mutations can also occur independently of DNA replication (.