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Slide1
Unit 2—
Africa’s Nationalist & Independence Movements!
Slide2Directions
Take out a piece of notebook paper and take notes on this ppt.
Write only the underlined phrases.
Highlight, or underline, the headings of each section.
Label it #12 in your Africa folder
Slide3African’s are Sick & Tired of Europeans Ruling Over Them..
INDEPENDENCE
Europeans ruled Africa for several decades
Many African’s hated this
Feelings of
NATIONALISM
(pride toward your country) started to take over
Nationalist movements got African’s excited about taking their land back
=
African Nationalist Movement fought for independence!
Some movements were
peaceful
, while many were
violent
Slide4Pan-African Movement
Stressed that all black Africans must see themselves as one people, in order to gain independence & overcome the effects of European colonization.
Pan African Movement helped many African nations gain their independence and united the African Continent for a better life, economy, & government...to develop a united political identity.
Slide5NIGERA’S
Nationalist Movement
Nigeria
Is home to many different ethnic groups. After the Berlin Conference
Great Britain was given control of Nigeria.
The
British separated Nigeria into TWO colonies.
Many ethnic groups were opposed to being part of the same country .
These divisions between ethnic groups led to different treatment by Brits.
By the 1940s, Nigerians started many groups to fight British rule.
Many Nigerians admired the British because of their education in England.
Nigerians believe that the only way to have rights was to be free of European rule.
Slide6Nigeria
Continued
These groups pushing for independence became political parties that worked for Nigerian independence.
By late 1940s and 50s, the British let Nigerians elect their own government.
In 1957 they elected
Abubkar
Tafawa
Balewa
as their Prime Minister
On October 1, 1960 Nigeria was granted its independence from Britain.
Slide7Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
Slide8Kenya
Nationalist Movement
Kenya was colonized by England & many people in Kenya disliked the British being there.
In opposition to British rule they organized a group known as the Mau
Mau
(1952-1960).
Mau
Mau
-
a
secret organization that believed the only way to win Kenyan rights and independence was through the use of force & violence.
In 1954 the British mostly defeated the Mau
Mau
, however violence between the two groups continued until 1960.
Thousands of people were killed during fighting, only about 100 were European.
Slide9Kenya Continued…
Eventually, overwhelming
Kenyan support for the Mau Mau led the British to grant Kenya its independence.
In 1963 the
British helped Kenyans hold democratic elections, they elected Jomo Kenyatta president.
Kenya was once again free from foreign rule.
Slide10Jomo Kenyatta
Slide11South Africa’s
Nationalist Movement
South Africa’s path to independence.
In 1948,
Afrikaners
(people of
Dutch
descent
)
defeated English-speaking whites to win control of South Africa’s government.
South Africa was ruled by both the Dutch & British people.
Afrikaners established
“
Apartheid” --
an Afrikaans word meaning “separateness” an official policy of racial discrimination & segregation.
Apartheid
stripped black Africans of the few rights they had & required segregation.
Separation was
based on race
(black, white, or colored).
Slide12Homelands
There were established
“homelands”
for blacks
;
Homelands were:
poor, crowded areas far away from the cities where the blacks had to live.
Homelands often did not have
running water and electricity – (None).
Black South Africans could
only leave
their homeland if they were going
to work for a white
person.
Blacks
forced to carry
pass books
(similar to a passport)
at all times or they would go to prison
Slide13Slide14Slide15African National Congress (ANC)
African National Congress goal was to
unite people of all races (in South Africa) to fight for rights and freedoms against racism &
apartheid
.
Nelson Mandela, a black South African, started the ANC & led it
.
Slide16Nelson Mandela
Slide17F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela
Mandela, leader of the ANC was arrested on August 5, 1962. He was imprisoned for 27 years until he was granted his release in 1990 by F. W. de Klerk.
F.W. de Klerk was South Africa’s president when N. Mandela went to jail—he helped get Mandela out of jail (
he was a white man
)
Nelson Mandela was elected President of South Africa in 1994, he was South Africa’s first black president.
Slide18Slide19Slide20
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