Divine Odame Appiah and Isaac Anokye Boateng Department of Geography and Rural Development Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi GHANA GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE 2011 ID: 791661
Download The PPT/PDF document "WOODFUEL EXTRACTION AND UTILIZATION; A C..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
WOODFUEL EXTRACTION AND UTILIZATION; A CARBON EMISSION CONDUIT IN EJURA-SEKYEDUMASE DISTRICT GHANA
Divine Odame Appiah and Isaac Anokye BoatengDepartment of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KumasiGHANA GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE 2011UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, WA CAMPUS3RD TO 6TH August, 2011
Slide2Introduction Problem in contextProfile of study areaMethodologyResults and discussions
ConclusionsRecommendation Presentation outline
Slide3Woodfuel is fuel obtained: wood or tree species such as timber, shrubs etc. which may be available as firewood, logs, pallets, charcoal and many others (Ireland
et al, 2009)Globally, >65% of total woodfuel consumption is accounted for by Asia and Africa (UNDP, 2000). Extraction of woodfuel in developing regions like Africa is among key factors of tropical deforestation due to woodfuel demand for household and commercial useIntroduction
Slide4Mensah and Agyare (1994) similarly expressed that the energy needs of Ghana like that of many developing countries are heavily dependent on woodfuel
.The demand for woodfuel for both commercial and household use has contributed to over exploitation of the forest and the environment as wellWe examined the effects of woodfuel extraction on forest ecology and the environment in the Ejura-Sekyedumase District.Introduction cont.
Slide5Fifty-three (53%) of the farmers are also engaged in woodfuel production on commercial and subsistence basis.Excessive extraction of wood for
fuelwood and also charcoal production together =>deleterious effects on vegetation and climateMethods of farming :slash and burn; bush fires == original vegetation, replaced by secondary vegetation.The Problem in context
Slide6With increasing population, the pressure on wood resources and rate of deforestation is alarming (Basel, 2008; Nabuura et al., 2007).
Kaser et al., (2004) argue that the link between deforestation and aridity due to atmospheric warming. Is well documented (Idso, & Kimball, 1994; Houghton, & Hackler, 2002 and Pinter et al, 1996)Problem cont.
Slide7With DCECC…the earth system could eventually pass a critical threshold beyond which life forms might not be able to survive. Threat to MDG 7, target 2 reducing loss of BiodiversityThe concern is…green-house effect is highlighted as a result of intensive ‘charcoaling’ which releases carbon-dioxide into the atmosphere.
Howden (2007) supports with the idea that excessive cutting of trees from forest areas leads to deforestation Deforestation, Carbon Emission and Climate Change
Slide8There has been broad consensus that the approach “reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation” (REDD), should be a prominent feature of any international climate change agreement that extends or replaces the Kyoto Protocol in 2012.However, progress has been much slower than anticipated
Slide9The Bali Action Plan agreed at the 2007 UNFCCC conference endorsed the vision of an environment in which the forests have greater value standing than cut down. It initiated studies into “positive incentives” for developing countries – the provision of financial compensation in return for measurable reduction in deforestation.
Slide10Carved out of the then Sekyere and Offinso districts.It is location: Long. 1˚5W and 1˚39’ W and Lat. 7˚9’ N and 7˚36’N. Northern part of Ashanti Region
Bounded to the: North by Nkoranza and Atebubu districts (both in Brong Ahafo Region), West by Offinso district, East by Sekyere East district and South by Afigya-Sekyere district. Profile of study area
Slide11It has a large land size of about 1,782.2 sq. km and is 7.3% of the region’s total land areaThe fifth largest among the districts in Ashanti Region.Ejura
is considered as the district capital.Vegetation is in transitional zone of the semi-deciduous forest and Guinea savanna zonesAverage Annual rainfall is 1,300mm Relative humidity is 75%-80%
Slide12Map of the study district
Slide13Both quantitative and qualitative research design, used primary data and secondary info.Sampling design: Probability simple random technique for 10/170
Adiembra, Ebuom Bayere, Nkwanta, Homako, Nyamebekyere, Ejura, Babaso, Kyenkyenkura, Sekyedumase and Doku Akuraa. 150 household respondents of different socio-economic background, and purposively biased towards charcoal producers out of a popx of 81,115Survey instruments: Partially Pre-Coded HH Questionnaire,Key Informants Interviews with ESDA, FSD & EPA Methodology
Slide14Conceptual Framework
Underlying/Indirect causesRapid Population growthPoverty
Demand for
fuelwood
Deforestation in
Ejura-Sekyedumase
Immediate/Direct Causes
Timber production
Agricultural activities
Woodfuel
Production
Bush Fires
Socio-economic effects
Low agric production and food
Shortage of drinking water
Loss of medicinal plants
Diseases
Ecological effects
Climate Change
Drying up of water bodies
Soil erosion and silting
Biodiversity loss
Slide15Sources of energy for household/commercial uses: 53.3% use firewood, 44.7% use charcoal, 2% (3) use Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). These constituted main sources of energy for cooking and heating purposes in the area.
Reason for choice of source :78% wood is very affordable and easily available, It may be cheap now, but continuous use would prove expensive in the long runResults and Discussions
Slide16Sources of Wood for Fuelwood and Charcoal Production.
Results and Discussions
Slide17Trees species for Fuelwood and Charcoal ScientificNameLocal Name
Number of respondents
Per cent (%)
Anogeissus
Leiocarpus
Kane
25
16.67
Erythropleum
invoreise
Potrodom
14
9.33
Terminalia aviceniodes
Ongo
30
20
Afzelia Africana
Papao
12
8
Khaya spp
Mahogany
22
14.67
Mangifera indica
Mango tree
17
11.33
Albizia julibrissin
Acacia tree
13
8.67
Triplochiton scleroxylon
Wawa
17
11.33
TOTAL
150
100
Slide18Relationship b/n Deforestation and carbon-dioxide emission climate change SINK-SOURCE Deforestations and carbon emission has several other environmental consequences
Sought to also find out perception of effects of deforestation on environment The Carbon-dioxide emission conduit
Slide19Respondents’ knowledge of climate chang
e
Slide20Education background of respondents
Slide21As a charcoal producing area, Al Gore (2006) emphasizes that almost 30% of the carbon-dioxide released into the atmosphere each year is a result of burning of bush land for subsistence agriculture and woodfuel
used for cooking; including Charcoal.Accordingly, Howden, 2007 explains that carbon emissions from deforestation far outstrip damage caused by planes and automobiles and factories.
Slide22A Charcoal producer busily extracting wood
Slide23The mound kiln of charcoal burning
Slide24Effect of
woodfuel extraction on the soil
Slide25With the effort to get employed, generate income to supplement agriculture, woodfuel extraction
Several problems to the forest and the local environment. Carbon emissions, Soil erosion, deforestation, and bush firesConsidered as the main effects on the forest environment and consequently on global warming and climate change in Ejura-Sekyedumase district. Conclusions
Slide26Wood for fuel was mainly from the fallow lands (farmlands), off-forest resources and the forest resources. Woodfuel
extraction were in the hands of most rural populace found in the district of Ejura-Sekyedumase.
Slide27DAs in partnership with Academia should disseminated knowledge on climate change in the district FC, through appropriate dept (FSD) should promote REDD with FORIG; TROPENBOS etc.
NGOs and the Assembly should provide alternative livelihoods to agriculture that would reduce considerably charcoal prodn. Further research on quantities of Carbon emissions and rates of deforestation is recommendedThe Way Forward??
Slide28Al Gore, 2005. An inconvenient truth: the planetary emergency of global warming and what we can do about it, Rodale books, 2006.FAO (2006), Global forest Resource Assessment (2005), FAO forestry papers 147 and 140, Rome.
Howden, D. (2007) Deforestation: The hidden causes of global warming, U.KIreland, D., Andy, H., and David H. J (2009): Forest Research (Woodfuel Information Pack), U.K.Some of References
Slide29THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION