Cultureset of rules that guide our behavior Made up of our beliefs history knowledge language moral principles skills et cetera Society large number of people who 1 live in the same area ID: 911967
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Elements of Culture Society and Cultur..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Elements of Culture
Slide2Society and Culture
Culture—set of rules that guide our behavior
Made up of our beliefs, history, knowledge, language, moral principles, skills, et cetera
Society-
large number of people who
1. live in the same area
2. see themselves as separate and different from people outside their territory.
3.
P
articipate in a common culture.
A Society consists of social interactions among people who think of themselves as similar.
Slide3Cultural Traits
Cultural
Trait – single object, action, or belief.
Wedding
Ring, handshake, the belief that washing one’s hands helps prevent the spread of germs.
Cultural traits usually combine to form culture complexes.Culture Complex – set of interrelated traits.All people eat, and many cultural traits surround this action.Napkin in lap, use a fork instead of your hands, chew with your mouth closed, TIP your waiter
Slide4Key Elements of Culture
All cultures consist of the same key elements:
Values –
Broad, abstract, and basic ideas that reflect what
is considered good, desirable,
important, right, preferred, and proper in a culture.Freedom of ExpressionStrong FamiliesCompetitionLoyalty to a leaderReligious beliefs
Norms – are the guidelines people follow in their relation with one another. (shared standards of behavior).
Slide5Key Elements of Culture
Norms are divided into two categories
according to strictness of enforcement.
Folkways
–
everyday group habits and conventions that people obey without giving them much thought.
GreetingsReplying to invitations
Child-raising customs
Mores
– norms that have powerful moral significance attached to
them
(moral standards).
Incest, murder, stealing
Take care of the homelessLets be honest!
Slide6Key Elements of Culture
A society
enforces norms with
…
Laws—written rules of conduct that are enacted and enforced by governments.
May formalize folkways (no littering) and relate to mores (against murder).Marriage and Divorce LawsLaws against MurderSanctions—rewards or punishments (2 Types)Informal-given by individuals or groupsEmployee of the Week (positive)
Being grounded by a parent (negative)Formal-given by organizations or bodies, such as governments, police, schools.Medals for athletic performance (positive)Fines for traffic violations (negative)
Slide7Key Elements of Culture
Symbols—commonly understood gestures, words, sounds, objects, colors, or designs that have come to stand for something else.
Words, maps, diagrams, traffic signs, logos, national anthems, emergency vehicle siren
Languages—organization of written or spoken symbols into standardized system with rules for putting symbols together
Nonverbal signs—can communicate across languages
Slide8A Culture’s definition of reality comes from their knowledge and beliefs…
Knowledge—attempts
to define what exists, or the reality of the world.
Beliefs—theories and ideas about physical and social world
Not all beliefs can be proven.
Sociologists are interested in how people decide what to count as knowledge and what to count as beliefs.Knowledge or Beliefs???History, Science, Medicine, Skills needed to perform the work of the society, ways of doing things, ways of making things