HOLOCAUST 1933-1945 Day - PowerPoint Presentation

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HOLOCAUST

1933-1945

Day

6

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TODAY’S OBJECTIVES

Trace the roots and the progress of Hitler’s campaign against the Jews. Explore the goals of Hitler’s “final solution” and the nature of the Nazi death camps.

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ADOLF HITLER

Becomes leader of Nazi party

– 1933

Uses legal methods to pass laws for his Master Plan

Begins to refer to the German people as the “Master Race,” “

Aryan Race

”Calls for revenge against those who created Treaty of Versailles

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HITLER

He encouraged everyone in Germany and its lands it took over to rid their areas of Jews.

Judenfrei

–

“Jew Free”

Est.

Gestapo

( secret police) to find infiltrators

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WHAT IS THE HOLOCAUST?

Greek

“sacrifice by fire”

Mass murder of over

6 million Jews

during the years 1933-1945 in Europe

Target of Nazi's: any race deemed inferior to them1933 – European Jewish population at 9 million

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JUDENFREI

At 1st, Jews encouraged to emigrate

Those who didn’t leave Germany were rounded up and shut in the camps or specially created

ghettos

(

Warsaw Ghetto

– most infamous)Walled parts of the citiesGates guarded by SS

Jews were made to wear a yellow Star of DavidSo they could be easily recognized

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WARSAW GHETTO

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CAMPS

Difference b/t camps & prisons: sent to camp, would not receive a trial or release dateAt first, political opponents of Nazism sent to camps

1

st

type of camp:

concentration

(First camp: Dachau)

Meant for “re-education” of people to conform to Nazi ideals of a Master Race.How? Exercise, discipline, hard work

Head of camps: Adolf Eichmann

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CAMPS IN EUROPE

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CAMPS

Over 300 – Germany, Poland, Czech, Austria, and Soviet Union3 types:

1. concentration

2. labor

3. death

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CONCENTRATION CAMPS

Purpose: Re-educate people to accept Nazi beliefs

SS

- Nazi security staff that ran the camps

SS swore loyalty to

Hitler

, not Germany1935 – no political opponents to Nazism in Germany so camps began to fill with “undesirables” Head of SS –

Heinrich Himmler

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HIMMLER

HITLER

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LABOR CAMPS

Located near

factories

and

workplaces

Provided

cheap labor

for war effortWork prisoners to death

Best camp to be in for survivalHealthy prisoners sent here

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DEATH CAMPS

Sole purpose:

kill as many prisoners as possible

Herded off

cattle cars

straight into the gas chambers, or to pits to be shot

Prisoners told they were going for a

shower…sometimes they didAll personal effects removed, clothes, shoes, etc…

Est. 1941Established as a result of the “final solution”

Worst:

Auschwitz (Poland)

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WHO RAN THE CAMPS??

SS guardsKapos

– prisoners who were supervisors; ratted on prisoners

Constant fear encouraged by SS

German shepherds

used to attack prisoners

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HOW DID THEY GET THERE?

Cattle CarsMeant for 20-30 cattle

SS would shove in over 150 people

No ventilation; sunlight; No restrooms

Usually 1/3 would die before they would get off the cars

SS would keep them in there days after arrival

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PROCESSING

Taken through process:meant to strip prisoners of humanity

Process same at all camps

Selection

: women & men separated, families, sick

Undress (no modesty)

Hair shaved (with dull, rusted razors)

Disinfection in chlorine baths/showers (scalding hot water/ice water)Uniform given (too small or big; full of lice)

Tattooed number

Yellow star

: Jews

Assigned

barrack

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PRISONER UNIFORMS

Striped pants, jackets or long shirtWooden clogs…all too bigSymbol to show race

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CAMP LIVING CONDITIONS

AtrociousSS wanted prisoners as uncomfortable

as possible, especially Jews.

Overcrowded

No food/water

Slept on floor, straw, barbed wire, lice mattresses

Lots of

disease, lice, fleasGiven less than a minute a day to use bathroom

, after that, go where you are…rarely cleanedBarracks could hold two per bunk; camps, often 10 – 20 per bunk

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THE SICK

“Raspberry Picking”Put a drain on the campGassed or shot immediately

Long “

roll calls

” in their underwear

Injected

experimental drugs in themAltitude testingGiven no medical attention or food

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THE FINAL SOLUTION

January 20, 1942 – 15 Nazi leaders met near BerlinWhat should they do about the “Jewish Problem?”Answer:

the Final Solution

– exterminate all Jews as fast as possible

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MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS

Carried out for 3 official reasons: Help army

Help Germany after the war

Prove racial ideas invented by the Nazis

EXAMPLES:

Frostbite

High Altitude

Genetics/sterilization

Survival and RescueEuthanasia

Drinking sea water

War wounds

Chemical warfare

Diseases

Twins

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MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS

Josef Mengele

Head

SS doctor

of genetics experiments

Auschwitz

Cold, twisted, heartless person; yet could become quite loving to his “patients”

“Doctor of Death” or “Angel of Death”Performed more experiments than anyoneReally Interested in identical

twinsMostly children

Auschwitz Medical Block

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GAS CHAMBERS

Used to speed up killing process of JewsPeople herded naked into a large, bare room, supposedly for a shower

.

Thick walls and strong locks

Zyklon

B crystals

poured into the system of pipes and shower heads or directly into the room through holes in the ceilingsDie within 10 minutes

Left door closed for another 30 just to make sureBodies taken to

crematorium for burning (town residents thought it was snow)

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CREMATORIUM

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PURPOSE OF HOLOCAUST??ACCORDING TO HITLER….

Create the perfect race…the Aryan race and protect Germany

Stop “unfit” people from reproducing

Hitler Youth

established to teach German kids at young age Nazi ideals

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END OF THE CAMPS

October 4, 1942: Himmler orders all Jews sent to Auschwitz for extermination

June 11, 1943: Himmler orders all remaining

ghettos

to be emptied and inhabitants killed

April 7, 1944: Escaped prisoners would tell of the horrors of the camp

Stories confirmedFall 1944:

Allies advancing (both fronts)Hitler orders all camp commandants to destroy camps and the prisoners

Almost achieved success

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END OF THE CAMPS

January 27, 1945: Auschwitz liberated by the SovietsApril 11, 1945: U.S. troops reach Buchenwald

April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide

November 20, 1945: Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals begin

1945:

Himmler

convicted and hung1950s:

Eichmann captured in Argentina1979: Josef Mengele

dies of drowning

http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=sHcJtU9dr6I

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ELLIE WIESEL

Wrote a first hand account “Night”Hungarian JewSurvived Auschwitzhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZ1EBzhpAMs

https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fMiFlqcnsA