Environment amp conservation Human Geography by Malinowski amp Kaplan Copyright The McGrawHill Companies Inc Permission required for reproduction or display 12 1 Chapter 12 Modules ID: 733876
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Chapter 12 LECTURE OUTLINE
Environment & conservation
Human Geography
by Malinowski & Kaplan
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
12-
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Chapter 12 Modules
12A How Geographers See the Environment12B Natural Hazards12C Natural Disasters12D Human Geography and Water12E Human Geography and Air Pollution12F Solid Waste12G Hazardous Waste12H Geography of Fossil Fuels12I Population Growth and the Environment12J Environmental JusticeCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.12-2Slide3
12A: How Geographers See the Environment
EnvironmentIn common usage, the physical or natural conditions of an areaGeographers use the term physical or natural environmentSauer’s Morphology of LandscapeBelieved that the physical landscape is modified by culture to create a cultural landscapeCultural EcologyThe study of how human societies adapt to local habitats and how traditional societies engage in farming or other primary activities.Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.12-3Slide4
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12-4Figure 12A.1Sauer’s Morphology of LandscapeSlide5
12B: Natural Hazards 1
Environmental events such as floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados, tsunami, mudslides, volcanic eruptions, and droughtsEnvironmental perceptionHow people perceive, feel about, and interact with the environmentCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.12-5Slide6
12B: Natural Hazards 2
According to Gilbert White, human responses to flooding are eitherStructural responses, such as building levees, walls, or engineering systemsNonstructural responses, namely actions taken by a society, political body, or individuals to reduce riskOther theorists have looked at:Cognitive factors, such as a person’s personality or attitudesSituation factors, such as where people live, their age, their financial resources, etc.Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.12-6Slide7
12C: Natural Disasters
EarthquakesMeasured using moment magnitude scaleCan generate tsunamiHurricanes/Typhoons/CyclonesDamage from high winds, storm surges, rainfallTornadosThe United States has the most in the worldCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.12-7Slide8
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12-8Figure 12C.1Ring of FireSlide9
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12-9Figure 12C.3Tornado AlleySlide10
12D: Human Geography & Water
40% of the world’s population lives within 100km of a coastWater diversion by human cultures has changed the environment in many waysCan be minor or major, like the Three Gorges DamWater pollution is a major global problemCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.12-10Slide11
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12-11Figure 12D.1New York City Water SystemSlide12
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12-12Figure 12D.2Aral SeaSlide13
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12-13Figure 12D.4Ogallala AquiferSlide14
12E: Human Geography & Pollution
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, biological matter, or particulates into the atmosphereUrban areas and regions downwind of manufacturing are the main affected areasReduction in daylight, chronic lung problems, and acid rain are key problemsCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.12-14Slide15
12F: Solid Waste
Solid waste is commonly known as garbageIn 2009, Americans generated over 243 tons of municipal solid wasteRecycling has reduced solid waste in landfillsNIMBY“Not In My Back Yard”Increased recycling and use of incinerators could reduce solid waste bound for landfillsCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.12-15Slide16
12G: Hazardous Waste
Also known as toxic wasteWaste that poses a risk to either the environment or to peopleA major local problemUS government’s Superfund Program became law in 19801,300 sitesHazardous waste is dangerous because it can move, either in the environment or by humansWork by geographers has helped identify cancer clustersCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.12-16Slide17
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12-17Figure 12G.1Superfund SitesSlide18
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12-18Figure 12H.1Crude Oil ProductionSlide19
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12-19Figure 12H.2Oil Shipping Rates & ChokepointsSlide20
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12-20Figure 12H.3Power Use per CapitaSlide21
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12-21Figure 12H.4Oil & Coal ReservesSlide22
12I: Population Growth & the Environment
Rapid population growth can strain the environmentHow population affects the environment is debatedTypical environmental problems that stem from population increase include:DeforestationCoastal pollutionCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.12-22Slide23
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12-23Figure 12I.2Deforestation WorldwideSlide24
12J: Environmental Justice
The concept that environmental laws and regulations should apply to all areas, regardless of the racial or ethnic composition of a location.Environmental racismThe situation in which polluters intentionally or unintentionally take advantage of a minority community because the community is less likely to oppose any hazardsCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.12-24