Focus on the Skull Review Anatomical Terms AnteriorPosterior DorsalVentral MedialLateral SuperiorInferior Axial Skeleton Includes bones of the skull vertebral column and thoracic cage Creates a framework of support and protection for internal organs ID: 251437
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "The Skeletal System" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
The Skeletal System
Focus on the SkullSlide2
Review Anatomical Terms
Anterior/Posterior
Dorsal/Ventral
Medial/LateralSuperior/InferiorSlide3
Axial Skeleton
Includes bones of the skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage
Creates a framework of support and protection for internal organs
Provides sites of attachment of musclesSlide4
The Skull
Protects the brain and supports delicate sense organs
8 cranial bones
14 facial bones
6 auditory
ossicles (tiny bones in the ears)Hyoid boneSlide5
Bones of the Cranium
Frontal bone (1)
- forms the forehead and roof of the ocular orbits
Parietal Bone (2)
– posterior to the frontal bone; forms the sides and roof of skull
Occiptal Bone (1)
– posterior and inferior portions of the skull; foramen magnumTemporal Bone (2) – form the sides and base of the skull; a number of distinct anatomical landmarks Slide6
Bones of the Cranium – Lateral View
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital BoneSlide7
Bones of the Cranium - Frontal
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal BoneSlide8
Bones of the Cranium – Inferior View
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital BoneSlide9
Bones of the Cranium – Horizontal View
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Frontal BoneSlide10
Sutures of the Cranium
Sagittal
Suture
– extends along the midline of the cranium; between parietal bones
Coronal Suture
– between frontal bone and parietal bonesLambdoid
Suture – between occipital and parietal bonesSquamous
Suture
– between the temporal bones and the parietal bonesSlide11
Sutures of the Cranium – Lateral View
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Lambdoid
Suture
Squamous Suture
Coronal SutureSlide12
Sutures of the Cranium - Frontal
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Coronal Suture
REVIEWSlide13
The skull at birthSlide14
The skull at birthSlide15
Bones of the Cranium continued
Sphenoid Bone
–forms the floor of the skull and braces
side of
skull; acts like a bridge between cranial and facial bones
Ethmoid Bone – anterior to the sphenoid; stabilizes the brain; forms the roof and sides of the nasal cavity
Vomer
– forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum
Palatine Bone
– forms the posterior hard palate (“roof of mouth”); contributes to the walls of the nasal cavity and the floor of each orbitSlide16
Bones of the Cranium – Lateral View
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Lambdoid
Suture
Squamous Suture
Coronal Suture
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid
BoneSlide17
Bones of the Cranium - Frontal
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Coronal Suture
Ethmoid
Bone
Sphenoid Bone
VomerSlide18
Bones of the Cranium – Inferior View
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Palatine Bone
Vomer
Sphenoid BoneSlide19
Bones of the Cranium–Horizontal View
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Frontal Bone
Ethmoid
BoneSlide20
Bones of the Face
Maxilla (2)
– articulates with all other facial bones except the mandible; forms part of the orbit, walls of nasal cavity and anterior roof of mouth
Zygomatic
Bones (2)
– articulates with the frontal bone and the maxilla; completes lateral orbit of eye
Nasal Bones– bridge of nose; articulate with frontal bone and maxillaLacrimal Bones
– with the orbit; medial surface
Mandible
– lower jawSlide21
Bones of the Face – Lateral View
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Lambdoid
Suture
Squamous Suture
Coronal Suture
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid
Bone
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Bone
Nasal Bone
Lacrimal Bone
MandibleSlide22
Bones of the Face - Frontal
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Coronal Suture
Ethmoid
Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Vomer
Nasal Bone
Lacrimal Bone
Zygomatic
Bone
Maxilla
MandibleSlide23
Bones of the Face – Inferior View
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Palatine Bone
Vomer
Sphenoid Bone
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Bone
MaxillaSlide24
Teeth (32)
Incisors - 8
Canines - 4
Pre-molars - 8
Molars - 12Slide25
Processes
any elevation or projection
Can be part of a joint or a site of attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendonsSlide26
Processes of the cranium
Styloid process
(temporal)
Mastoid process
(temporal)
Coronoid process (mandible)Condylar process
(mandible)Mandibular process (mandible)
Occipital condyle
(occipital)
Zygomatic process
(zygomatic)
External occipital protuberance
(occipital)
Pterygoid
process
(sphenoid)
Hamulus
of the
pterygoid
process
(sphenoid)Slide27
Styloid Process
Pointed piece of bone that extends down from the temporal bone just below the ear
Attachment for ligaments that support the hyoid bone and muscles that control the tongue and pharynxSlide28
Mastoid Process
Built up area of the lower temporal bone where important neck muscles attach
Site of attachment for muscle that rotates and elevates the head and clavicleSlide29
Coronoid Process
“like a crown”
Attachment point for muscle that closes the jawSlide30
Condylar Process
Forms a hinge with the temporal boneSlide31
Mandibular Process
Smooth surface of the condylar processSlide32
Occipital Condyle
Articulates with the atlas vertebrae (the first vertebrae in the spinal columnSlide33
Zygomatic Process
Three extensions of the zygomatic bone that connect with the frontal bone, maxilla, and temporal boneSlide34
External Occipital Protuberance
Bony protrusion of the occipital bone
Muscles that keep the head upright and allow the head to tilt backward attach hereSlide35
The Sphenoid Bone
Pterygoid
Process and the
hamulus of the
pterygoid
processSlide36
Process of the Skull – Lateral View
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Lambdoid
Suture
Squamous Suture
Coronal Suture
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid
Bone
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Bone
Nasal Bone
Lacrimal Bone
Mandible
Zygomatic
Process
Mastoid Process
Styloid
ProcessSlide37
Process of the Skull -
Frontal
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Coronal Suture
Ethmoid
Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Vomer
Nasal Bone
Lacrimal Bone
Zygomatic
Bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Ethmoid
BoneSlide38
Process of the Skull–
Inferior View
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Palatine Bone
Vomer
Sphenoid Bone
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Bone
Maxilla
Styloid
Process
Mastoid Process
Occipital Condyle
Zygomatic
ProcessSlide39
Processes of the Skull – Horizontal View
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Frontal Bone
Ethmoid
BoneSlide40
Name the ProcessSlide41
Name the ProcessSlide42
Foramina and Other Structures
General terms to describe openings include
Foramen, canal, meatus, fissure sinusSlide43
Foramina and Other Structures
Supraorbital foramen (frontal)
Infraorbital
foramen (maxilla)
Mental foramen
(mandible
)Mandibular foramen (mandible)External acoustic meatus (temporal)
Palatine foramen (palatine)
Foramen
ovale
(sphenoid)
Foramen
lacerum
(temporal)
Foramen
spinosum
(sphenoid)
Foramen
rotundum
(sphenoid)
Jugular foramen (
temporal
)
Foramen magnum (occipital)
Stylomastoid
foramen (temporal)
Carotid canal (temporal)Slide44
Supraorbital foramen**
“above” the orbit
Opening for blood vessels and nerves passing from the eyebrows and eyelidsSlide45
Infraorbital
foramen**
“below the orbit”
Opening for facial nervesSlide46
Mental foramen**
Distal/lateral opening for the mental nerve and vessels that innervate the lipSlide47
Mandibular foramen
Proximal/medial opening for the mental nerve and vessels that innervate the lip and teethSlide48
External Auditory meatus**
Opening that leads to the eardrum
(
tympanum)Slide49
Palatine foramen
Nerves that innervate the palateSlide50
Foramen ovale
**
Trigeminal nerve – mandibular branchSlide51
Foramen lacerum
Filled with cartilageSlide52
Foramen spinosum
Nerves
that innervate the meninges enter the brainSlide53
Foramen rotundum
Trigeminal nerve: maxillary branchSlide54
Jugular foramen**
Jugular veinSlide55
Foramen magnum**
Spinal cordSlide56
Stylomastoid foramen
Facial nerves exit skullSlide57
Carotid Canal**
Carotid arterySlide58
Process of the Skull – Lateral View
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Lambdoid
Suture
Squamous Suture
Coronal Suture
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid
Bone
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Bone
Nasal Bone
Lacrimal Bone
Mandible
Zygomatic
Process
Mastoid Process
Styloid
Process
Mental Foramen
External Auditory Meatus
MandibleSlide59
Process of the Skull -
Frontal
Parietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Coronal Suture
Ethmoid
Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Vomer
Nasal Bone
Lacrimal Bone
Zygomatic
Bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Ethmoid
Bone
Optic Canal
Superior Orbital Fissure
Supraorbital Foramen
Infraaorbital
ForamenSlide60
Process of the Skull–
Inferior View
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Palatine Bone
Vomer
Sphenoid Bone
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Bone
Maxilla
Styloid
Process
Mastoid Process
Occipital Condyle
Zygomatic
Process
Foramen
Ovale
Carotid Canal
Jugular Foramen
Foramen MagnumSlide61
Processes of the Skull – Horizontal View
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Frontal Bone
Ethmoid
Bone
Foramen
Ovale
Foramen Magnum
Jugular Foramen
Carotid Canal
Optic Canal