.- - e-0, " of . .hCopiIes, Series mixu -* ARI@,D JQECL5 SPECIAL I'EAP - PDF document

.- - e-0, " of . .hCopiIes, Series mixu
.- - e-0, " of . .hCopiIes, Series mixu -* ARI@,D JQECL5 SPECIAL I'EAPONS PROJECT WASHINGTON, D. C. 0 z w W 0 W 0 0 P m 1. T.3 accordance with the Distribution made of letter, Hq. AFSW, file SWPEF4/920, subj: nAhalysis of Biomedical Weapons Effects Programn, dated 3 September 1953 (SEcRET-RD) w/5 inclosures: Copy #1 of ltr & 5 inch - Comdt, Med Fld Sv Sch, Brooke Amy Med Ctr, San Antonio, Texas. .c ?~z ..-r:s -LR- L.. . I ...,.-, Copy #2 of ltr& 5 incls - Condr, Strategic Air Com

mand, Offutt AFB, Omaha, Neb. Attn: Surg
mand, Offutt AFB, Omaha, Neb. Attn: Surgeon :%;- k: I ! i- 6- % . ,'.a Copy #3 of ltr & 5 incls - CO, U.S. Naval Radiological Defense Lab., San Fran, Calif, AWN: Capt Albert Behnke, USN.; .. ;- -., , ... . . �Pr-*-p. - Calif., ATRI: Lt Edward Alpen, USN : .;-? ,c;,:. ~; - \.S-d& Copy #4 of ltr & 5 incle - CO, U.S. Naval Radiological Defenae Lab., San Ban, - Copy #5 of ltr & 5 incls - GO, U.S. Naval Mine Countermeaaure Station, Panama City, Florida, ATW: Capt R. H.Drpege_r,

USN . . ..I, ,. . , . I.., . Copy #6 of
USN . . ..I, ,. . , . I.., . Copy #6 of ltr & 5 incls - Comdt, USAF Sch of Aviation Med, San Anto~lo, Texas , &#x, 00;, &#x, 00;-r- , .,. ;k' &#x, 00;. . - .J Am: Col Victor A. %mea Copy #7 of ltr & 5 inch - Colldt, USAF Soh of Ariation Med, Sau Antonio, Ten8 ATIN: Lt Col John Pickering ..;: &#x, 00;;,.: -1,: 1'- . Copy #6 of ltr & 5 incls - Comdr, USAF Cambridge Researoh Center, 230 Albany St., Cambridge 39, Mass., Am: Copy #9 of ltr & 5 incls - Comdt, USAF Special Weapons Ctr, K

irtland AFB, N.W., Lt Cpl;EI,A.. P&t,lpn
irtland AFB, N.W., Lt Cpl;EI,A.. P&t,lpn .WL. '?,-,",;.i; &#x, 00;-* :-%- - :c, .I .- , ,- ATM: Col Karl Houghton Copy #lo of ltrk 5 incla- CG, Fld Cmd, AFSWP, Sandia Base, Albuquerque, N.M. . b-.v , AWN: Col Cll~tOn S. Haupin -,., -- -.,- a?- #( A. _' ..- 4r Copy #11 of ltr & 5 incls- CC, Fld Cmd, bFsIAp, Sandia Base, Albuquerque, N.M. Copy #L? of ltr & 5 incla- CO, ATIW: Lt Col Carl Tessmer Copy #13 of ltr & 5 incls- Comdr, Air Res & Dev Cd, PO Box 1395, Baltimore, Yd. , .- -.-.

_' .?*A ATIN: Mafor P. S. Emie .. Med R
_' .?*A ATIN: Mafor P. S. Emie .. Med Res Lab., Ft Knox, 5 . _- . -- ?$' ..-- -. -VI - r ..-.-. _-_ :Ak.," Copy #U of ltr & 5 incls- C/Arqy Fld Forces, Ft Monroe, Va., Am: ATIN: Col John Talbot -. Lt Col f 3asy Robert Hall Copy #l5 of ltr & 5 incls- C/Aw Fld Forces, Ft Monroe, Va., Am; Copy #17 of ltr & 5 incls - AG file copy Col John L. Crawford -- --. . Yb,2 . , ~ . ~- ,.a . DISTRIBUTION LIST CONT'd Ltr AFSWP , file SWPEF-6/920, subj: "Analysis of Biomedical Weapons Effects Pr

ogram", dtd 3 Sept 53 (SECRET-.RD) w/5 i
ogram", dtd 3 Sept 53 (SECRET-.RD) w/5 incls. Grad &'Copy #16 of ltr & 5 incls - Comdt, ArnIv Med Sv/Sch, Walter Reed WCopy' #18 of ltr & 5 inch - Comdt, Arqy Med Sv Grad Sch, Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Med Ctr, Wash, D.C. , Attn: Lt Col James T. Brennan ' --;;%A . . I-*__ -. Wash, D.C., Attn: Col. Roy D. Maxwell Med Gtr, Wash, D.C., ATTN: Lt Col .:.;'.: ~ d.-, Copy #19 of ltr & 5 incls - CG, Walter Reed -. .- ,. . a f? ,7 ~ 'C. -- - G.M. McDonnel (held in Med Branch) JCopy #2G of

ltr & 5 inch - The Surg Gen, DA, Wash 25
ltr & 5 inch - The Surg Gen, DA, Wash 25, D.C., ATTN: Lt Col Maxwell Ycopy #21 of ltr & 5 inch - Office of the Surg Gen, USAF, Wash, D.C., Alp: Major Lcopy #22 of ltr & 5 incls - Capt H. €I. Haight, US?, Div of Mil$pplcat$ons., -- ; . - , -. Dauer, Rm 2530, Main Navy i _._ . S. E. Lifton, Rm 2622, Tempo 8 USAEC, 1901 Constitution Ave, N.W. Wash.-$, D. C. ? nye-:.i--.- . . .. ...~.- "1.- - 8 ii Lid.-.-- &,,;,:D Copy #23 of ltr & 5 incls - Lt John Stoeckle, RDB (Held in Md Bran

ch) . ,a ' ',,?,c: -' . &Copy #2k of ltr
ch) . ,a ' ',,?,c: -' . &Copy #2k of ltr & 5 incls - Dir, NIH, Bethesda lk, Md, Attn: F. Howard A. Andrews ~ t:.: . *A?, ti.. L. WCopy #25 of ltr & 5 incls - Wed, Special Wpns Def Mv Code 74, Poto&' Annex, JCopy #26 of ltr & 5 inch - Wed, Special Wpns Def Mv Code 7b, Potgrnac Annex, .. . rWash, D.C., Attn: Comlr H. S, Etter ,.5 - Wash, D.C., AWN: Capt V. C. Tipton Copy #27 of ltr & 5 incls - Dir, Naval wed Res Inst, Bethesda, Md, ATTN: LCDR F. W. '7 . .L . .. ,*.? Chambers dpy #28

of ltr 5 incls - Dir, Naval Med Res Ins
of ltr 5 incls - Dir, Naval Med Res Inst, Bethesda, Md, ATTN: Comdr E. .'-I*. . P. CronMte c, .. 1 'i .- ..-', . ---Sow #29 of ltr & 5 incls - Yellow copy (for EXO) -ow #3G of ltr & 5 incls - Fink copy (Reading file fm Div Chiefs) Blast 1njuries.Direct thermal radia- have been direct blast sive studies, direct blast important cause unusual circumstances, i.e. certain primary cause have a effects, i.e. Medical Research Draeger, Capt, Subj: Siomedical Air Slast, injuriea Direct

i.lIl;,itrGRAP!iY: 1. 2. 3. 1,. 5. 6. 7.
i.lIl;,itrGRAP!iY: 1. 2. 3. 1,. 5. 6. 7. 3. u . 1.0. Dlockw, V. and Blocker, T. C., Vhe Texas City Disaster", Americm Jounal of Si.irgely, 78:756, 1949. Ziickerman, S., "Experimental Study of Blast Injuries to Lungs", the Lancet, 1:219, 1940. Zuckerman, "Experimentai Work on Physiological Effects of Blast1', Ministry of Home Security, RC 108 Fiaher, R. B., VI1e Relationship Between Body Size and the Lethal Effects of Ble.st", Ministry of Home Security, RC 2%. Krohn, P.L., et al, "

Effect of Blast on the Heart and Head",
Effect of Blast on the Heart and Head", 3; 2.49, Mlnistiy of Home Securi4y. Clemedson, Carl-Johan, l'njiiries", ACTA Ptiysiolog Scand, Vol. IR:19L9. "Germui Avistion Medicine World War 11" published by USAF. Dean, T!. M., "Effects of Migh Explosive Blast on the Lungs", !,meet, 2:1Y4(?. ;;inr.kermari, S., W.ast Injuries to the Lin6s" ,. 'Lancet 2: 1940. Nn.tioria1 Hesesrch Council., Div of Med Sciences, "Report GtI ljlast In.iuiiea", dated 11 June 1953. "An Experimental Study on Ai

r Blast 3 :miinids have various types h
r Blast 3 :miinids have various types hem effected I I r H. E. Tearse, MD IJnivwsity of Roshaster N. D. 'xing&ley, MD IJniversit-, oP Rr:chisicr R. M. Hl.akney Nnvol Medicil. iic.scr-rc!i Inst,il;ute T. S. Ely J 37.57 . 0 3?07 the flash the vlsion personnel during Hiroshima and the patient bllndnessr Evaluation of daylight conditions might be of vision, not present nighttime conditions Further laboratory and Nagasaki", Vhe Effect A'pha, Reta, dctofiatlon including BhelterD

and the laboratory biological effecti-
and the laboratory biological effecti-eness extremely high energy of imed3ately incapscitatine these projects, however, have chronJc doeaces doeaces acute exposures. The P!EPA estiimtes and those appearing in the Handbook on 2. Beta. The meaaurement of the external beta Alpha, Beta thc conditions field tests specific project shielditv effects has not have been rcnuiremonts can mechmism and hot particle" SUBJECTt ;t:tdioloEicrd, Hazards From An ADD, AI.$m. Beta md Gama Radiati

on V. P. Bond, Lt. MC,USN A. 1.1. Eatm,
on V. P. Bond, Lt. MC,USN A. 1.1. Eatm, Capt,t@, USN R. E. Czrtcr G. u. kRoy W. Chcm'~:cro, LCDR,USN C. Robbina,Lt.Col, EA 1.G. �Poi .off P. Smith E. A. Pinson,LtCsl USAF J. T. Brenn:.n, L:Col,PX: J. jr. ROCUIY 5 SURTECTi Radiologicdl hnrds Fron An ARD, Alpha, Bok and Garonu Radiation App. 3 "The GrOQa Autopsy ErdinmS and n Stntistical Stdy of the ibrtrlity in tho AaWS Exposod at Bilcini" 1 V!ch 19#7 App. No, 5, l1St?ti6ticd llnalyeis of Hemtoloric (Red Blood Cell Count) D

ata on Pigs Test 'ibloll App. 15 Wonorrh
ata on Pigs Test 'ibloll App. 15 WonorrhcEic syndrome of Acute Ioniziq- Rtdintion Illness Froduced in hinds" 7 Octobor 1948 App. 16 Wutatlons Froduced by Atonic Ea& Irradiotion of Ncurospra Qnssa:' 7 bbch 1947 RANGW lrsp-201, Roprt 10, Wofrrn Reports - Gross Ueapone MBaswmmts" USNRDL Ekmm Report 3-102 Informal Remt @or. Ran-cr 2 Mar 1951 GRE;ISNHOIRE \m-15, Wontrol Studios ;ri U.S, .and Enlvotokl* 1752 Wr-16, "Patholoyy of Radiation InjUrJr" 1952 WP-18, IIControl Studies In U.S. a

nd Eniwetok" 1952 \K'-%l, "Saientiflc Di
nd Eniwetok" 1952 \K'-%l, "Saientiflc Dircdor's Report, &duntion of Prorrnm 2" 1952 lrFp-22, "brtality Fbte & A Amtion of Mstnncc" Im-LJ, Wkperirwhl Datcl Obtained in the Fiold" l?LlO3, Wperafion CIiW'HO"SC, Sciontific Diroctor's Repart, Vd. 111, 1'Hl" I,Ip-402, "hdl~tl atom Hazards Associated Wlth Ve 6 lJpSHoT-I~~OTliOLJI UKP-8, tlR&onctive Particle Studies Insido ~Ircraft" UI(P-%, Vhe Radiation Hnaard to Perfionnel Mithin An Atomic Cloud" UKP-37, nGm-Beta Ratio In Thc Post-Shot

Contoninated Area" Denert Rock, Reports
Contoninated Area" Denert Rock, Reports, I - V Atonic Bomb Casualty Combsign, National Academy of Sciences, Rei.urts Ibted 1949, 1952. Handbook of Atonic 'Veapons For Medical Officers, June 1951 Atomic Medicine, Behroits, Reviood 1953 mSt0pathol0,g of Radiation w. Fatermol md Inte-.riel hrce6, Bloom, Research and Doveloprent Roirrd, Cornittee on Medical SChW38, Minutes McGrw-Hlll, 1748 of' Joint Panel on Mcal bpecte of 'b1dc Wfm Vmtincs tfIkprimontal Roentgen Injury: IIcnshaw, Jo

vfi33 of National Cancer "Tho Diartribut
vfi33 of National Cancer "Tho Diartribution of Wi-tion in The 4tomic Bonbinp of hlagaeakitl Inrhin, An. J. 3oent. md Radium Ther. 55~525-532, 1946. *F.fholoric Effects of An %tantaneous Dose of kdiation" \!men, S. Cnneor Resowch 61 U9-453, 1747. Instituter 4 (19W+), 477-527. Ionizing Rddiotionll permitting the the thermal thermal them from blast and thermal radiation :in& to eliminate gemma radiation which wdd otherwise affect the same system studied for neutron effects. Lethali

ty, atrophy of the spleen and thymus, mi
ty, atrophy of the spleen and thymus, mitotic depres- sion of the testes, end iron uptake by the bone marrow all ~liomd an RBE of 1.5 to 2.0 betieen x-rays and thermal neutrons for mice exlvosed In the laboratory. racts cx pwater by a fcctor of four or more. of mice ehowing different sensitivities for x-rays demon- strated the same RBE for theml. nsutrons. Little experi- menta!, data for fRSt neutron exTosures is available. Initial calculations indicted thr.t tlie animals CxpOSd a

t rrecpons tests within the hemisphere8
t rrecpons tests within the hemisphere8 demonstrnted about 96 of the neutron effsct thrt they muld have shown had they been exoosed limited physical biological material species differencee experimental confirmation range of tion effects, vcry high dose biolozicol data 3nd it is Clem that hioloqicnl :“ist’?ms LlrP good iridicators of the irltegrnted effect of 1 n1:utron �sncctmm, b!lt 8;ood correlation i:: hampercd by lxk of i,lkysical datn. Thee muuse data S~~IH

S that rioutron biologicnl affects are i
S that rioutron biologicnl affects are important only in those ‘circumstances whcro weapon yield e.nd colifiguurnt,ion favus neutron release and that in thcse i~ist.nnccs the neutron effcct may he roughly comprahle to thu ymma effect with distance, perhaps being evcn p-r?:rt.cr nt distances less tha that where mid-lethll gamma dose is delivered. Foxhole ing flgndnst neutrons than against gammas. The RBI? of neutrons for catarxt formation is high. At high nltitudes thc range o

f neutrons rehtive to other effects beco
f neutrons rehtive to other effects becomes increflsingly important. JCCO~~MFXI);I- 1. To predict neutron rosporioe in man; ‘rm s : shieldin; apneears to bt: less effective in protect- a. Morc experimanbl data is required; (1) on tho response? of mammalian species to neutrons of different energies, on the r+sponse of animals of different size an:! spccios. (2) b. Cnlculations of neutron pen;tration in tissue should hc made. ~- :. Ole inor2 field test shoul:! bo performed to o

btain ~ood p!17sic21 dctn outside and in
btain ~ood p!17sic21 dctn outside and inside th-. hemispheres tc ti: mcn:;ur,:in:xlts. :i. in px-,viuut bicilo~ical data with good physical ;;t.uuicr of IJtlysiCGl high dose Suhj : find:tolo,ical HEPOHTS : (K?XNHOUSE Lot; Alamos Scientific Lab. I1 II I1 I1 Oak RidEe Natl Lnb. 11 I1 I1 I1 I TUMBLEII-SI4 AFPW Naval Rod. Def. lht. Nwal Med Res. Inst. UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Naval Rad. Def. Lab. OPEPATION PROJECT NO. ..-- CXOSSROADS A pp. 17 GREFLIHCJUSE 1.2, 2.3, 2.4, %.5 & 6.1 TUMBLER- L.2

&? L.3 SNAPPER UPSHGT- 4.8 KNOTHOLE C.
&? L.3 SNAPPER UPSHGT- 4.8 KNOTHOLE C. L. Prosser R. E. Carter J. T. Brennan, Lt Col, MC,USA A. D. Conpr J. Furth H. E. Cartl?r, Lt(jg),rMC,USNR E. P. Cronkite R. E. Carter, Lt, MC, USNR CROSSROADS App. 17, "Anflysis of Tissues for Induced Radioactivityn - GREENHOUSE AT-16, Scientific Dir. Report, 'Tathologr of Radiotion . In jury" WT-18, Vontrol Studiea in U.S. and Eniwstoktl 1952 NT-15, Scientific Dir. P.cport, IIEx?nme Containers for BT-21, Scientific Dir. Report, lTvaluotion

of Program 2" WT-22, I'Mortdity Rate as
of Program 2" WT-22, I'Mortdity Rate as a Function of Diste.nce1I ZT-43, llExpcrrimontal. DntR Obtnincd in the Field" the Biomedical Program" 1952 TUMBLER-SNAPPER ?:?-527, "U1omerli:n.L Expczure Equipment" 7T-523, "The Bioloyical Sffectiveness of Ncutron RRdiation ";T-564, Vin-1 I,sport to thc Test Director" 1953 from Nuclear Pleo;lons" Subj: BT'iL?;GG?APHY : 1. I!. C. Cnrter, P. S. Hnrria, and J. T. Bronnan, "The Effect of Acute Dasas of X-irradiation on thc Splenic ani Thymic V

eight of CFl Female Mice", RodiolosiCnl
eight of CFl Female Mice", RodiolosiCnl 8azc.rds From :+ti ARD, fleutrons r,s-in?/:, (1950) 2. Radiologiml Dafen;e, Vd. 11, Itrmfic! Force.? Special Nospons P:oj oc t, Par. 3.57 (1951) . J. T. Rrennvi, Lt Col, MC, P. S. Harris, Major, MC nnd R. E. Carter, "The Biological Effectivsless of Therind Nsutrois on Mice", LA-l&OP, 6 Sept 1952. Medical Report. of tho Joint Commissia;, for the Invasti,at,lon of th3 Effects of tho Atomic Bomb in Japan, itEC Classified Document (19&6), Sec. L

N, Fig. 3. Nationul Research Council Fou
N, Fig. 3. Nationul Research Council Fourbls Conference on 'iacliation Cataracts, U.S. AEC, Feb. 28, 1953, Ahstraots and Proceedings. Ijrennan, J. T., Harris, P.S., Carter, R. E. and Ltmghsm, !V. H.: "The Biological Effectivanuss of 'i'herjnal Neutrons on Miceg1, Los Alamos Sci. Lab., LA-J.@ (Feb. 15, 1952) 3. 4. 5. 6. 'I. Rughor, J. C.: "DelR;red Wistion Effects at Hirmhimn anc! Nagasaki", Nucleonics, 10, No. 9, 18 (Sspt 1952) Ccq+n, D. G., Martin, S. F. and Kimura, S. J.: IlAtmn

Rcmb Cataracts", Science Evan#, T. C.:
Rcmb Cataracts", Science Evan#, T. C.: !#The Fast Neutron Hazard", Nucleonics, 4, 2 (1949) 10. StortL, R. S.: 'Weutrbn Therapy ani Specific Ioniza- Lion", Am. J. Bointg;nol. & Had. Thcr. 59, 771 (1948) ~t~.i.ic, fi.S.: "Tkc Conmpt of a bizximum Permissible Expr:::LIr+~, Xndiolca 52, 6Z9 (May 1952) 8. 110, 654 (Dec 16, 19k9) 9. 11.. 12. Stnr,:r, J. ct, ~1.: "Incidence cf Lens Opacities in Zxpc~ed tr: X-xiiys and Tharnal Neutrons", LOS IJice ... !''L..rnrsz %i. Lab., LA-1455 (July

195;) ij, ,(imuis, S. J. Atomic bomb Fta
195;) ij, ,(imuis, S. J. Atomic bomb Ftadi-tlon Cataract: "Case repcrt With histopnthclogic stuLy", Am. J. Ophth. 31: $11.-316, 1951. 5 #2-Biomedical Thermal Fld Forces, ADJUTANT GENERAL INSPECTOR GENERAL CHIEF, AFSIP I I FlLE UNDER NO. 920 CROSS INDEX SHEET SEPTEMBER 2, 1963 MTE SmJECTr ADDITIONAL BLAST INSTRUMENTATION FOR CASTLE CONTROL NO, 6330 CWISSPICATION; SECFIET SECURITY INFORUTIOFI RD FRo;.18 CAPT. HAROLD 1. WXON, HEADQUARTERS, FIELD COWD TO: CHIEF. AFSWP LuXUiENT FILE