Agenda 830 900 Intro to green infrastructure and rain gardens 900 1115 Field Trip Green Infrastructure sites GreenspaceRemnant forests Municipal Institutional Residential ID: 1024420
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1. Rain Gardens and Green Infrastructure
2. Agenda8:30 – 9:00 - Intro to green infrastructure and rain gardens 9:00 – 11:15 - Field Trip – Green Infrastructure sitesGreenspace/Remnant forests MunicipalInstitutional Residential 11:30 – 12:30 - Theory and types of bio‐filtration 12:30 – 1:30 - Lunch1:30 – 2:30 - Design parameters and vegetation strategies
3. UrbanPlanningLandscapeHorticultureUrbanForestry
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5. PopulationRateTime4,194,3040.028 12,500 BP8,388,6080.035 10,000 BP16,777,2160.035 8,000 BP33,554,4320.035 6,000 BP67,108,8640.074,000 BP134,217,7200.13,000 BP268,434,0000.04A.D. 0536,868,0000.3516501,073,736,0000.8718502,147,472,0001.519304,294,944,0001.91976Human Population
6. Growth over time
7. Changes in greenhouse gases over timeHumans have contributed significantly to the increase in greenhouse gasesAtmospheric CO2 is at the highest level in 400,000 yearsIncreasing exponentially
8. UrbanizationUnprecedented economic growth in the western world has encouraged population growth and a trend toward urban lifestyles. 1950 – 1/3 of population lived in urban areasToday – ½ of population lives in urban areas2030 – 2/3 of population will live in urban areas
9. Post war infrastructure boom
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12. Landscape Architecture“Landscape architecture is rooted in an understanding of how ecosystems work and what makes places unique. It is a blend of science and art, vision and thought”
13. Urban ecosystem … where is the living?
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15. Sustainable?Design, construction, operations, and maintenance practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987
16. Cities of the future?
17. The future is uncertain
18. Effects of Climate ChangeHigher temps (0-10 C warmer)Temp extremes (lower lows, higher highs)More or less precip(location-dependent)Greater proportion of precip as rainLarger precip eventsMore windHigher CO2Loss of stationarity
19. Arctic OscillationCourtesy NOAA
20. Atlantic twistThe North Atlantic Ocean is a unique area of ocean current interactionCalled the North Atlantic Deep Water conveyor (NADW)Scientists believe small changes in the NADW could result in rapid climate changePolar ice degradation could have severe implication to the NADW
21. NADW
22. The times are changingMunicipalities should be preparing for climate change and the more intense weather events that go with it.
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24. Local Impacts of climate changeThe Herald News (2014)
25. Species composition shiftsPlants IndigenousIntroducedInvasivesPests
26. Plant shiftsAdaptationSurvivabilityCompetitive advantageNot so natural selectionRapid change
27. Landscape pests and pathogensClimate change will not only change the ranges of tree species, the warmer temperature has also changed the climatic ranges of forest insects and has shifted them northwards. The concern is that this shift in insect and pest ranges may affect trees that do not have the mechanisms to defend themselves in pest outbreaks (Dukes et al. 2009, Kirilenko and Sedjo 2007).
28. Emerald Ash Borer-17.8°C (0°F), 5% will die-23°C (-10°F), 34% will die-29°C (-20°F), 79% will die-34°C (-30°F), 98% will dieCOLD HARDINESS OF EMERALD ASH BORER, AGRILUS PLANIPENNIS: A NEW PERSPECTIVE Robert C. Venette & Mark Abrahamson
29. Localized flooding
30. Aging infrastructureMunicipalities are confronted with aging and often inadequate storm water systems, and are increasingly turning to green infrastructure to help them manage urban areas in a more sustainable way
31. Combined sewar systems
32. The perfect stormIncreasing urban populationHigh degree of impermeability in urban areasChanging weather patterns Aging infrastructure
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34. What is Sponge City?A sponge city refers to a city where its urban underground water system operates like a sponge to absorb, store, leak and purify rainwater, and release it for reuse when necessary.
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37. How does Sponge City work?infiltrationdetentionretentiontreatmentreusedischarge
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39. Sponge City BenefitsReduced stormwater runoffReduced floodingImproved water qualityIncreased groundwater rechargeReduced salt applicationReduced energy useImproved air qualityReduced urban heat islandImproved aesthetics and property valuesImproved habitatReduced cost of stormwater infrastructure…...
40. Sponge city practices in China
41. Green InfrastructureAn integrated infrastructure system with a reduced ecological footprint over its life cycle, and with significant benefits for the community economy and quality of life. Federation of Canadian Municipalities (2001)
42. Paradigm shiftInfrastructure systems are evolving into ‘ecological’ forms that are more effective at looping scarce resources, and at cascading energy flows through multiple end uses resulting in greater efficiency for the systems as a whole, and upon creating systems that are inherently more adaptable and resilient.
43. Residential propertiesRetaining rain water on your property is part of that. Some municipalities reward home owners with tax incentives for preventing their runoff water from reaching storm drains.
44. Landscapes should be…FunctionalEnvironmentally friendlyMaintainableCost effectiveVisually pleasing
45. Sustainable Elements1-Windbreaks2-Soil depressions and berms3-Native plant cover4-Alternative ground covers5-Plant groupings6-Turf where needed7-Different turf species8-Mulch
46. Sustainable Strategies9-Irrigation10-Group similar plants11-Minimize water use12-Plant selection13-Vertical planning14-Create habitat15-Compost16-Local materials17-Microclimates18-Raised beds19-Connection with nature
47. Sustainable Sites InitiativeAn interdisciplinary partnership of the American Society of Landscape Architects, the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, and the United States Botanic GardenGuidelines for sustainable land practices that are grounded in rigorous science and can be applied on a site-by-site basisFocuses on healthy ecosystems and the services they provide
48. Environmental Benefits of PlantsAir purificationFilter Particulates - airbourne dust, heavy metals etc.Gaseous pollutantsStormwater mitigationEnergy Conservation and Avoided EmissionsHabitat Creation
49. Source: arup.com
50. Many types of software available for putting a value on urban forest benefitsCalculation are made using methodology tested through scientific researchData is collected through an urban forest inventory or other methodsVeg cover and specific tree attributesBenefits to value
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