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Concepts of Concepts of

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Engineering and Technology Introduction to Engineering Fundamentals and Civilization Part 1 Definitions Photo Courtesy of Gary PayneDenton RecordChronicle Photo Courtesy of Steve Van Meter VideoRay ID: 449927

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Slide1

Concepts of Engineering and Technology

Introduction to Engineering Fundamentals and CivilizationPart 1 - Definitions

Photo Courtesy of Gary Payne/Denton Record-Chronicle

Photo Courtesy of Steve Van Meter, VideoRay

1

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide2

Warm-Up Activity

Directions: Please take out a sheet of paper

and respond to the questions below. Please

check your spelling.

In your own words, “What is Engineering?”In your own words, “What is Science?”In your own words, “What is Technology?”

2

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide3

Questions to ponder:

What is the difference between science and technology?What are the greatest engineering accomplishments of the 20th century?How do newer engineering accomplishments compare to those throughout history?How does technology impact the world?What is the difference between innovation and invention?What is an ethical design dilemma?Why did engineering societies develop standards?

3

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide4

ABET defines engineering as:

(Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology)“The profession in which knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to use, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.”

4

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide5

Mr. Stilley defines engineering as:

“Engineers are problem solvers.”

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide6

Engineer

A person who designs products, structures, or systems to improve peoples livesMathematics is the language of science, engineering, and technology. Engineers use math to describe objects in great detail, and mathematical models can test designs without actually building them.Engineers use scientific principles to guide their design.

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide7

Engineers work in teams, and planning and design is a large part of their work.

Engineering is a form of problem solving.Engineers work in teams because different people have different skills and can look at problems in different ways.An engineer must look at problem criteria and solution constraints.Engineering involves design and construction.Engineering is iterative.

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide8

ECE 404 Scott

Umbaugh, Textbook: Design for ECE Engineers, Ford & Coulston

Example Engineering RequirementsPerformance and Functionality

Will identify skin lesions with a 90% accuracyShould be able to measure within 1mm

Reliability Operational 99.9% of the timeMTBF of 10 yearsEnergyAverage power consumption of 2 wattsPeak current draw of 1 amp

8

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide9

ECE 404 Scott

Umbaugh, Textbook: Design for ECE Engineers, Ford & Coulston

Constraints(

Limitation or restriction)Economic

EnvironmentalEthical and LegalHealth and SafetyManufacturabilityPolitical and Social – FDA, language?Sustainability

9

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide10

Technology

(The practical application of science to commerce or industry.) The means by which humans modify the world to address their wants and needs Involves an artifact Includes phones and televisions, and also things like spoons and running shoes It even includes the kernel of the grass grains we use in our cereal

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide11

Technology often involves a system, and includes the people, infrastructure, and processes.

Involves the design, manufacture, use, and repair of the objectThe innovation, change, or modification of the natural environment to satisfy perceived human needs and wantsHuman innovation in action that involves the generation of knowledge and processes to develop systems that solve problems and extend human capabilities

11

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide12

Science

Knowledge of principles and causes; especially, such knowledge when it relates to the physical world and its phenomena, the nature, constitution, and forces of matter, thequalities and functions of living tissues, etc. Involves knowledge about the natural worldOften involves knowledge for its own sake Discovers and explains what is Engineering involves creating what has never been

12

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide13

Technological progress promotes science advancement

This mass spectrometer helped make the decoding of the human genome possible.

Courtesy of:

www.scienceaid.co.uk

.

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide14

The Scientific

Process

Courtesy of: Science Buddies

http://www.sciencebuddies.org/mentoring/project_scientific_method.shtml

14

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide15

The Engineering

Design Process

Courtesy of: Engineering is Elementary

http://www.mos.org/eie/engineering_design.php

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

StartSlide16

The seven key resources for engineering are:

PeopleEnergyCapitalInformationTools and machinesMaterialsTime

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide17

Engineering and Technology

, 1st ed.Hacker et al. Delmar Cengage Learning(2010). Engineering Design: An Introduction, 1sted. Karsnitz, O’Brian, Hutchinson, DelmarCengage Learning (2008).

Engineering Your Future, 2nd ed, Gomez,Oakes, Leone, Great Lakes Press (2008).

Gateway To Engineering, 1st ed. Rogers, Wright,Yates. Delmar Cengage Learning (2010).

17

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide18

End of Part 1

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide19

Concepts of Engineering and Technology

Introduction to Engineering Fundamentals and CivilizationPart 2 - History

Photo Courtesy of Gary Payne/Denton Record-Chronicle

Photo Courtesy of Steve Van Meter, VideoRay

19

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide20

The History of Engineering

In 1965, Gordon Moore made an important observation about computer chips: every 18-24 months the capacity of a memory chip doubles. This observation, known as Moore’s Law, shows that computing power increases exponentially over time. Is it possible that technology in general evolves in a similar fashion?

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

20Slide21

Technological Time Periods

- Stone Age (15,000 BC to 3000 BC) 12,000 yrs- Bronze Age (3000 BC to 500 BC) 2,500 yrs - Iron Age (500 BC to 500 AD) 1,000 yrs - Middle Ages (500 AD to 1500 AD)

1,000 yrs- Renaissance (1500 AD to 1750 AD) 250 yrs- Industrial Revolution

(1750 to 1900) 150 yrs- Twentieth Century (1900-1999) 100 yrs

21

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide22

The Stone Age

15,000 to ~3000 BCIt covers the period where humans went from a nomadic life to an agricultural life. Domestication of animals allowed the substitution of animal power for human power. Other developments include the grinding stone, and harvesting and production of crops. We can consider the first use of fire as an important technology.

22

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide23

Early humans were hunters and gatherers, with their

major concern being day-to-day survival. The tools they used to hunt, fish, and dig involved stone and bone. As new methods were created, families became tribes, and tribes became communities requiring land and shelter. Some of the earliest technologies involved the domestication of animals and plants.

Crops required formal methods of planting, which led to the plow.

23

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide24

The

earliest known use of the wheel was in Mesopotamia in about 3500 BC.The first wheel with spokes first appeared on Egyptian chariots around 2000 BC. Although some form of writing has been around since the earliest day of antiquity, the Sumerians of Mesopotamia are also credited with its formal development.

24

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide25

The Bronze Age

It started about 3000 BC. Major technological developments include smelting and metalwork.Smelting involves the extraction of different metal ores to create a combination of metals called an alloy. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin, and this new metal was more durable and easier to work to make a variety of tools.

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide26

Courtesy: NormanEinstein, December 21, 2005

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fertile_Crescent_map.png

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

The Fertile Crescent Slide27

The Fertile Crescent

became the birthplace of civilization because plentiful food led to an increase in population. Domestication of plants and animals increased.The concept of division of labor was invented. We start to see the negative effects of technology through smoke filled air and the destruction of forests. Religion, ceremony, and governments became better organized and more widespread

.

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide28

The Iron Age

About 500 BC until 500 ADIron smelting (the extraction of iron from iron ore) involves the removal of impurities (slag).Requires higher temperature smelting. Led to the development of steel as an alloy of iron and carbon.

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide29

Courtesy: Silberwolf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archimedes-screw_one-screw-threads_with-ball_3D-view_animated_small.gif

29

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide30

Roman Aqueduct, circa 19 BC

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pont_du_gard.jpg

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide31

Iron was stronger

and less expensive than bronze. Steel is better able to hold a sharpened edge. Forming and shaping created a wide variety of tools and implementsinvolves casting and grinding.Water became an important energy source

grain milling. Solid waste disposal became a problem.

31

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide32

The Middle Ages

500 AD to 1500 ADA period of turmoil following the collapse of the Roman Empire. Populations became concentrated within cities - plague and famine were common. Increasingly fouled air and water - untreated human and animal waste.

32

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide33

Sailing

ships spurred increases in travel and trade.Horses and oxen use increased for transportation and labor.Wood remained a primary energy source.Water use increased as a power source

.Mills and foundries flourished.Gunpowder is developed.

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide34

The Renaissance

1500 AD to about 1750 AD A time of rebirth of the arts and humanities.Many important innovations – the printing press, clocks, gunpowder, eyeglasses, and flush toilets. Innovative manufacturing and processing techniques evolved. Leonardo Da Vinci

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide35

Sir Isaac Newton’s theories

began to dominate the scientific view of the physical universe.Universal gravitationThree laws of motionDifferential and integral calculus*Coal replaced wood.Mining and deforestation increased.Colonization became a widespread way of developing resources. Both positive and negative impacts (slavery).

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide36

The Industrial Revolution

From 1750 to about 1900 Industries replaced family units of production. The steam engine is arguably the most important engineering achievement.Continuous manufacturing became common.Transportation and communication systems improved.

Education became more widespread.

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The American Constitution and the Bill of Rights

Rule of law led to an increase in the ownership of private property. Environmental pollution continued to increase Industrial waste adding to human and animal waste.The beginnings of formal engineering education

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide38

Engineering and Technology

, 1st ed. Hackeret al. Delmar Cengage Learning (2010). Engineering Design: An Introduction, 1st ed.Karsnitz, O’Brian, Hutchinson. DelmarCengage Learning (2008).

Engineering Your Future, 2nd ed. Gomez,Oakes, Leone. Great Lakes Press (2008).

Gateway To Engineering, 1st ed. Rogers,Wright, Yates. Delmar Cengage Learning (2010).

38

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide39

End of Part 2

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide40

Concepts of Engineering and Technology

Introduction to Engineering Fundamentals and CivilizationPart 3 – Technology and Society

Photo Courtesy of Gary Payne/Denton Record-Chronicle

Photo Courtesy of Steve Van Meter, VideoRay

40

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide41

Twentieth Century

The rate of innovation accelerated.The Industrial Revolution began in about 1750, but there were more agricultural workers than industrial workers until 1907. Important developments include: Electrification, Automobile, Airplane, Water Supply and Distribution, Electronics, Radio and Television, Mechanized Agriculture, Computers, Telephone, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Highways, Spacecraft, Internet

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide42

Requirements for a shift from agriculture to industry:

A large supply of workersAdequate food and shelter for those workersAn abundant energy sourceAn efficient transportation systemLarge amounts of capital to investThe countries that had the best combination of these resources became dominant.

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide43

The Information Age

A shift from industrialization to an economy based on informationCharacterized by the ability of individuals to transfer information freelyInstant access to knowledge A key skill, the ability to assess and evaluate content Late 1970s to early 2000s

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide44

Technology is continuing to change, and the

rate of change is increasing.Technological innovations affect, and are affected by, a society's cultural traditions.How did military applications influence technology development? Do humans have the ability to continue to adapt to the rate of technology change?What non-technologies have had the greatest influence on history?

44

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide45

Most American state licensure laws

require a bachelor of science degree for licensure.The U.S. model has generally been only to require those practicing independently (i.e., consulting engineers) to be licensed. Engineers working in industry, education, and sometimes government need not be licensed.

45

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide46

Fundamental Canons (rules)

Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and shall strive to comply with the principles of sustainable development in the performance of their professional duties. Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence

. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.

Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest.

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide47

Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and

shall not compete unfairly with others. Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity, and dignity of the engineering profession and shall act with zero-tolerance for bribery, fraud, and corruption. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers

, and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those engineers under their supervision."

47

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Fundamental Canons

(rules) Slide48

Where are we now?

We now have a virtual communications network in a globalized society. New technologies have created major changes in the way society is structured and how individuals interact.

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide49

The ubiquity of technology is making the world smaller and smaller.

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What are the consequences?Slide50

Twitter – began as a means to send short text messages to many friends at the same time.

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Now used in everything from organizing protests to helping evacuate people from disastersSlide51

Engineering and Technology

, 1st ed. Hackeret al. Delmar Cengage Learning (2010). Engineering Design: An Introduction, 1st ed.Karsnitz, O’Brian, Hutchinson. DelmarCengage Learning (2008).Engineering Your Future

, 2nd ed. Gomez,Oakes, Leone. Great Lakes Press (2008). Gateway To Engineering, 1st ed. Rogers,

Wright, Yates. Delmar Cengage Learning (2010).

51

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.Slide52

End of Part 3

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Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.