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Criminology Theories Criminology Theories

Criminology Theories - PowerPoint Presentation

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Criminology Theories - PPT Presentation

CLN4U Mr MacDonald Nature vs Nurture Theories of criminology generally fall into one of two categories Biological Theories Criminal are born Sociological Theories Criminals are made ID: 534001

theory theories people criminal theories theory criminal people biological social crime behaviour commit factors tendencies criminals influence socialization traits

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Slide1

Criminology Theories

CLN4U – Mr. MacDonaldSlide2

Nature vs Nurture

Theories of criminology generally fall into one of two categories

Biological Theories

Criminal are “born”

Sociological Theories

Criminals are “made”Slide3

Biological Theories

Most criminologists in this area agree that biology alone does not create a criminal

They see it as an interaction between certain inherited traits and the environmentSlide4

Positivism – Born

Positive Theory

(focused on

biological

and

physiological

factors

Criminals are born, not made (Nature not Nurture)

XYY theory (abnormal chromosomes) and physical characteristics (size of jaw and teeth) died out due to moral implicationsSlide5

Biological Trait Theory

Certain traits that are believed to be inherited may predispose criminality

Intelligence

Personality

Genetic makeup

Also looks at environmental factors that affect biology

Diet (see the

twinkie

defence

)

Influence of hormones, especially androgens

Prenatal exposure to drugs or alcoholSlide6

Neurophysiological Theories

Certain neurological dysfunctions are related to criminal behaviour

If this is true, then proper medications may be able to correct dysfunction, and therefore

criminalitySlide7

Sociological Theories

Place emphasis on environmental factors (upbringing, peers, environment, etc.

)Slide8

Theory of Anomie

Leading Sociologist – Emile

Durkhiem

Urban vs. Rural -

Functionalism – everyone has a role; especially criminals that make it function

Diffusion of Responsibility – “someone else will take care of it”Slide9

Ecological School

Behavior foster and encouraged in certain environmentsSlide10

Social Conflict Theory

Marxist influence: capitalism creates disparity, which creates crime

Not necessarily always “rich vs poor”, but more accurately “the powerful vs the powerless”

Theories that examine oppression based on gender, race, etc. and its effect on crime are also Social Conflict theoriesSlide11

Social Psychological Perspective

Social psychology is the study of the relations between

individuals

and

people.

They are interested in how ‘regular’ people can commit atrocious crimes.

Stanley

Milgram

was specifically interested in how Nazi’s were able to commit horrible acts of genocide – he focused on how people could do this just by following orders.Slide12

Psychoanalytical Theory

Sigmund Freud believed that all humans have criminal tendencies.

It is through socialization that these tendencies are controlled during childhood.

If a child has an identity problem with his/her parent, this problem may cause the child to direct its antisocial tendencies outward and thus become a criminal.Slide13

Socialization Theory

Upbringing, peer groups, role models influence criminal behaviour

A deviant’s sense of what is normal

behaviour

is

skewed

Ex. Paul Bernardo and Karla

HolmokaSlide14

Strain Theory

People commit crimes when they see no legitimate way to achieve their goals

Explains why there is more crime among the economically disadvantaged