Pages 239252 Regions of the Brain Cerebral hemispheres cerebrum Diencephalon Brain stem Cerebellum 2015 Pearson Education Inc CEREBRUM Functions by Lobes Frontal Primarily motor function ID: 775210
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Slide1
Functions of Major Brain Regions
Pages 239-252
Slide2Regions of the Brain
Cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum)DiencephalonBrain stemCerebellum
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide3CEREBRUM: Functions by Lobes
Frontal
:
Primarily motor function
Prefrontal Cortex
(anterior association)
attention, memory, decisions
Parietal
: primarily sensory stimuli integration
Touch/tactile, spatial information, body position
Temporal
: Auditory and Olfactory
stimuli integration
Broca’s
area
: motor component of speech- saying words
Occipital
: Visual
stimuli integration
Slide4Figure 7.13c Left lateral view of the brain.
Primary motor area
Premotor area
Anterior
association area
Working
memory andjudgment
Broca’s area(motor speech)
Olfactoryarea
Central sulcus
Primary somaticsensory area
Gustatory area(taste)
Speech/language(outlined by dashes)
Posteriorassociationarea
Visual area
Auditory area
Problemsolving
Languagecomprehension
(c)
Slide5Diencephalon
An anatomical location made up of the:thalamushypothalamusepithalamus: roof of third ventricle and pineal gland
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide6Figure 7.16a Diencephalon and brain stem structures.
Third ventricle
Anterior
commissure
Hypothalamus
Optic chiasma
Pituitary gland
Mammillary body
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
(a)
Cerebral hemisphere
Corpus callosum
Choroid plexus of third
ventricle
Occipital lobe of
cerebral hemisphere
Thalamus
(encloses third ventricle)
Pineal gland
(part of
epithalamus)
Corpora quadrigemina
Cerebral aqueduct
Cerebral peduncle
Fourth ventricle
Choroid plexus
Cerebellum
Midbrain
Slide7Diencephalon- Thalamus
Helps shape third ventricle wallsthe Gateway structureRelay station for sensory impulsesSends impulses to cortex for interpretationAll parts of the brain communicating with the cerebral cortex MUST send signals through the thalamus
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide8Diencephalon- Hypothalamus
Helps shape third ventricle wallsExerts control over the autonomic nervous system Regulates: body temperature, water balance/thirst, metabolism/hunger, heart rate, blood pressureHouses limbic center (emotional response)emotions and drivesRegulates pituitary glandHouses mammillary bodies (reflex centers for smell)
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide9Diencephalon- Epithalamus
Helps shape roof of third ventricleHouses the pineal glandproduces hormone melatoninregulates sleep cycles and reproductive behaviorsIncludes the choroid plexus of the 3rd ventricle
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide10Figure 7.16a Diencephalon and brain stem structures.
Third ventricle
Anterior
commissure
Hypothalamus
Optic chiasma
Pituitary gland
Mammillary body
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
(a)
Cerebral hemisphere
Corpus callosum
Choroid plexus of third
ventricle
Occipital lobe of
cerebral hemisphere
Thalamus
(encloses third ventricle)
Pineal gland
(part of epithalamus)
Corpora
quadrigemina
Cerebral aqueduct
Cerebral peduncle
Fourth ventricle
Choroid plexus
Cerebellum
Midbrain
Structures of the Brain Stem
Slide11Brain Stem- Midbrain
cerebral peduncles: two bulging fiber tracts that convey ascending and descending impulsesLocated anteriorlycerebral aqueduct: allows passage of CSF corpora quadrigemina: four rounded protrusions that are the visual and auditory reflexAlso called superior and inferior colliculiLocated posteriorly
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide12Brain Stem- Pons
The anteriorly bulging center part of the brain stemMostly composed of fiber tractsIncludes nuclei involved in the control of respiration
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide13Brain Stem-
Medulla oblongata
Merges into the spinal cordHouses fourth ventricleConnects projection fiber tracts from the cerebrumHomeostatic control center for autonomic fxs:Heart rate controlBlood pressure regulationRespirationSwallowing/Vomiting
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide14Brain Stem- Reticular Formation
Gray matter along the entire brain stemPlays a role in motor control of visceral (internal) organsIncludes the Reticular Activating System (RAS) Assists in wake/sleep cycles and consciousnesssensory information filter
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide15Cerebellum
Controls balance/posture and equilibriumCoordination of body movements and fluid contraction of skeletal muscleAlcohol affects coordination via the cerebellum
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide16Figure 7.16a Diencephalon and brain stem structures.
Third ventricle
Anterior
commissure
Hypothalamus
Optic chiasma
Pituitary gland
Mammillary body
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
(a)
Cerebral hemisphere
Corpus callosum
Choroid plexus of third
ventricle
Occipital lobe of
cerebral hemisphere
Thalamus
(encloses third ventricle)
Pineal gland
(part of epithalamus)
Corpora quadrigemina
Cerebral aqueduct
Cerebral peduncle
Fourth ventricle
Choroid plexus
Cerebellum
Midbrain
This
midsagittal
section shows the gray matter outlining the arbor vitae (white)
The Cerebellum