Surbeck Jonathan Paez Jaclyn Koonce Cam Fetner Morgan Hicks Flaxseed Oil Background Belongs to the Linum family Linum usitatissimum which is Latin for very useful Also known as Linseed Oil ID: 798754
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Slide1
Group 5 Presentation
Kevin Castro, Zachery
Surbeck
, Jonathan Paez, Jaclyn Koonce, Cam Fetner, Morgan Hicks
Slide2Flaxseed Oil
Slide3BackgroundBelongs to the
Linum family, Linum usitatissimum which is Latin for "very useful"Also known as “Linseed Oil”. The Flax plant itself has been used as far back as 30,000BC where remains of Flax fabric fibers have been found.
Groom Q (2014) The distribution of the vascular plants on the North Frisian Island, Amrum. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1108. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1108
Slide4BackgroundTakes about 100 days to growDoesn’t require lots of water or maintenance. Flax was used in MANY ways:Plant made into clothing and ropeSeeds were ripened and used to make oil.Seeds and plant were also eaten for nutrition. Animal feed.
Groom Q (2014) The distribution of the vascular plants on the North Frisian Island, Amrum. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1108. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1108
Slide5Therapeutic Uses
Alternative to Fish OilDue to it containing ALA, a precursor to EPA and DHA.Relieves Constipation and DiarrheaFlaxseed oil lubricates the colon and contains fiberWeight Loss aidQuick emptying of colon through lubrication and fiber content.Anti-Cancer Complementary use with breast cancer therapy can effect estrogen receptor.
“6 Benefits of Flaxseed Oil - Plus How to Use It.” Healthline, Healthline Media, www.healthline.com/nutrition/flaxseed-oil-benefits#section1.
Slide6Therapeutic Uses
Promotes Cardiovascular HealthOmega 3 fatty acids (from ALA) can help reduce blood pressure slightly and protect against clots.Helps lower CholesterolALA converts to EPA and DHA in the body which are known to help lower triglycerides.Possible Anti-Inflammatory effectsThrough lignans found in flaxseed oil
“6 Benefits of Flaxseed Oil - Plus How to Use It.” Healthline, Healthline Media, www.healthline.com/nutrition/flaxseed-oil-benefits#section1.
Slide7Therapeutic Uses
Slide8Mechanism of ActionFlaxseed oil contains a high amount of Alpha Linolenic Acid (ALA),
lignans, and fiber.ALA is a precursor to EPA and DHA found in fish oil supplements and therefore is theorized to work in similar ways.In terms of antioxidants, Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to suppress oxygen-free radicals from neutrophils and monocytes, as well as the production of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and luekotriene B4.
“Flax Uses, Benefits & Dosage - Drugs.com Herbal Database.” Drugs.com, Drugs.com, www.drugs.com/npp/flax.html.
Slide9Mechanism of ActionLignans
can act on estrogen receptors as either estrogen antagonists, or estrogen agonists (in postmenopausal women with low estradiol levels)Cancer protective mechanism is unknown.It may be due to antioxidant properties, effects on hormone metabolism, or the anti-angiogenic effect of lignans.
“Flax Uses, Benefits & Dosage - Drugs.com Herbal Database.” Drugs.com, Drugs.com, www.drugs.com/npp/flax.html.
Slide10DosingDifferent doses have been used for different purposes.
There isn't a set recommended dose, but the general recommendation is 1 to 2 capsules a day (each capsule is about 1 gram of flaxseed oil).Some people go up to 10 grams a day. “Flax Uses, Benefits & Dosage -
Drugs.com Herbal Database.” Drugs.com, Drugs.com, www.drugs.com/npp/flax.html.
Slide11Safety Concernsand Considerations
Do not use during pregnancy as it may cause mild hormonal side effects. No reliable information on whether it's safe to use while breastfeeding. Like other fiber supplements, should be taken with plenty of water to reduce chances of worsening constipation and in rare cases, intestinal blockage.
However, the amount of fiber in flaxseed oil compared to flax is relatively low. “Flax Uses, Benefits & Dosage - Drugs.com Herbal Database.” Drugs.com, Drugs.com, www.drugs.com/npp/flax.html.
Slide12Safety Concernsand Considerations
Because of its phytoestrogen content, it may weakly interact with oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy.
“Flax Uses, Benefits & Dosage - Drugs.com Herbal Database.” Drugs.com, Drugs.com, www.drugs.com/npp/flax.html.
Slide13Adverse EffectsGenerally well tolerated.
The reported adverse effects have been associated with an allergy to flaxseed (type 1 hypersensitivity) These include pruritus, urticaria, nausea/vomiting, intestinal/abdominal pain, diarrhea, sneezing, nasal obstruction, and intense general malaise.
“Flax Uses, Benefits & Dosage - Drugs.com Herbal Database.” Drugs.com, Drugs.com, www.drugs.com/npp/flax.html.
Slide14Drug InteractionsTheoretically flaxseed oil may potentiate the effects of anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, NSAIDs, antihyperlipidemic agents, antihypertensive agents, and mood stabilizer agents; however, no clinical cases have been reported.
Therefore, consider taking precautions in patients taking drugs like warfarin, statins, etc.
“Flax Uses, Benefits & Dosage - Drugs.com Herbal Database.” Drugs.com, Drugs.com, www.drugs.com/npp/flax.html.
Slide15Maca
Slide16Background
Maca
(
Lepidium
meyenii
) is a plant that grows in central Peru in the high plateaus of the Andes Mountains, where it has been cultivated as a vegetable crop for at least 3000 years
Its root is used to make medicine, as it holds all of the active nutrients
Traditionally, it has been used to relieve stress, as an aphrodisiac and for fertility enhancement in both males and females
Axe, Josh. “The Best Natural Substance for Libido.”
Dr. Axe
, 4 Jan. 2018,
draxe.com
/top-5-maca-root-benefits-and-nutrition/.
Slide17Therapeutic Uses
Improves female sexual dysfunction
Early research shows taking
maca
twice daily for 12 weeks slightly improves sexual dysfunction in women taking antidepressants
Improves postmenopausal symptoms
Taking
maca
daily for 6 weeks slightly improves blood pressure and some aspects of mood, including depression and anxiety
Enhances male fertility
Research shows that taking
maca
daily for 4 months increases semen and sperm count
Improves sexual desire in males
Research has shown that taking
maca
daily for 12 weeks can increase sexual desire in healthy men
“
Maca
.”
Medline Plus Supplements
, Medline Plus,
medlineplus.gov
/
druginfo
/natural/555.html .
Slide18Therapeutic Uses
Enhances mood, energy, and memory
Supports endocrine health
Often used as remedy for hypothyroidism
Enhances immune system
Antioxidant
Protects cell from oxidative stress and is capable of scavenging free radicals
Decreases cholesterol and triglyceride levels
Lowered VLDL, LDL, TC and TG levels in the plasma and liver of rats
Osteoporosis in menopausal women
Improved bone mass and restored trabecular network in lumbar vertebrae of rats
Prostatic hyperplasia
Red
maca
reduced ventral prostate size in rats
Has been used by the native people of the Andes as a remedy for anemia, tuberculosis and stomach cancer
“
Maca
.”
Medline Plus Supplements
, Medline Plus,
medlineplus.gov
/
druginfo
/natural/555.html .
Slide19Mechanism of Action
Dried
maca
root contains 59% carbohydrates, 10.2% protein, 8.5% fibers and 2.2% lipids including linolenic, palmitic and oleic acids
It contains sterols such as
campesterol
,
stigmasterol
and beta-sitosterol
Also has significant amounts of minerals including iron, calcium and copper
Glucosinolates
and
isothiocynates
have anticancer activity and may be responsible for some activity in
maca
; aromatic
isothiocynates
may be
asociated
with aphrodisiac activity
Phenols may be responsible for antioxidant activity
Lipid extracts of two polyunsaturated fatty acids,
macaene
and
macamide
, seem to increase sexual activity and correct ED in experimental animals
There is not enough information to know exactly how
maca
works
“
Maca
.”
Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database
,
naturaldatabase.therapeuticresearch.com
/
nd
/
PrintVersion.aspx?id
=555%C2%A0.
Slide20Dosing
Studies suggest
maca
in capsule form is safe in doses of 1,500 to 3,000 mg daily for up to four months
Root powder containing 2,800 mg of
maca
root mixed with 8 ounces of water is also used up to three times daily
Common dietary consumption in native populations is greater than 100 grams daily
“AARP's Health Tools.”
AARP
,
healthtools.aarp.org
/
natstandardcontent
/
maca
/2%C2%A0.
Slide21Safety Concerns and Considerations
Avoid if pregnant or breast-feeding. There is not enough reliable information to prove its safety.
Avoid with any hormone-sensitive conditions such as breast, uterine and ovarian cancers, and endometriosis.
Maca
extracts might act like estrogen.
Maca
must be cooked before consumption, as it is very strong on the stomach lining and can cause severe digestive upset
“AARP's Health Tools.”
AARP
,
healthtools.aarp.org
/
natstandardcontent
/
maca
/2%C2%A0.
Slide22Adverse Effects
Studies in humans have only been performed on male subjects in which no side effects were noted.
Consumption of large amounts may cause bloating and flatulence, while consuming fresh
maca
can cause stomach pain.
Maca
may cause changes in sex hormones, although animal studies have demonstrated conflicting results.
Maca
root contains more than 50ug of iodine, which can worse the side effects of thyroid disease
Use can increase leukocytes and decrease PT/INR values in patients being monitored for anticoagulation therapy
May also lead to stimulation of the CNS
“AARP's Health Tools.”
AARP
,
healthtools.aarp.org
/
natstandardcontent
/
maca
/2%C2%A0.
Slide23Drug Interactions
Plants in the
Brassicaceae
family are often rich in Vitamin K. Therefore,
maca
can increase the risk of bleeding.
Caution when taking with aspirin, anticoagulants, anti-platelet drugs and NSAIDs
Maca
can act as a stimulant and cause hypertension. Patients on HTN medications and other stimulants should consult their doctor before using
maca
.
Maca
can alter the levels of sex hormones and may interfere with hormone replacement therapy or birth control pills
“AARP's Health Tools.”
AARP
,
healthtools.aarp.org
/
natstandardcontent
/
maca
/2%C2%A0.
Slide24Sourceshttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4152533/https://nccih.nih.gov/health/flaxseed/ataglance.htmhttps://www.drugs.com/npp/flax.htmlhttps://www.drugs.com/npp/maca.html https://draxe.com/top-5-maca-root-benefits-and-nutrition/http://healthtools.aarp.org/natstandardcontent/maca/2 http://healthtools.aarp.org/natstandardcontent/maca/3 http://naturaldatabase.therapeuticresearch.com/nd/PrintVersion.aspx?id=555